纯C++实现串的基本操作

部分函数详解：

1.strAssign：串的赋值操作不能直接用 = 实现。因为串是一个数组，而 = 不能直接将一个数组赋值给另一个数组，这就要求我们必须对数组中的元素进行逐个赋值。

2.strCompare：串的比较是串排序应用中的核心操作。设两串待比较的字符分别为a、b，若a的码值小于b的码值，返回a < b；大于返回a > b。若a = b则继续比较下一对字符。如果上述步骤完成后没有比较出结果，那么先结束的就是较小串，同时结束则相等。

#include "iostream"

#define MAXSIZE 100
using namespace std;

//定长字符串
struct staticString {
    char str[MAXSIZE + 1];
    int length;
};

//考研常考变长字符串
struct variableString {
    char *str;
    int length;
};

//串赋值
bool variableStringAssign(variableString &variableStr, char *ch);

//获取串长度
int getLength(variableString variableString);

//串比较
int stringCompare(variableString variableString1, variableString variableString2);

//串拼接
bool concat(variableString &result, variableString variableString1, variableString variableString2);

//取子串
bool subString(variableString &result, variableString variableString1, int from, int length);

//清空串
bool clean(variableString &variableString1);

int main() {
    variableString string1{};
    //串赋值
    char ch[MAXSIZE] = {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '\0'};
    variableStringAssign(string1, ch);
    for (int i = 0; i < string1.length; ++i) {
        cout << string1.str[i];
    }
    cout << endl;

    //串比较
    variableString string2{};
    string2.str = ch;
    string2.length = string1.length;
    //向string1中添加字符进行测试
//    string1.str[string1.length] = 'a';
//    string1.str[++string1.length] = '\0';
    if (stringCompare(string1, string2) == 0) {
        cout << "string1 equals string2" << endl;
    } else if (stringCompare(string1, string2) > 0) {
        cout << "string1 is bigger than string2";
    } else {
        cout << "string1 is smaller than string2";
    }

    //串拼接
    variableString result1{};
    concat(result1, string1, string2);
    while (*result1.str != '\0') {
        cout << *result1.str++;
    }
    cout << endl;

    //取子串
    variableString result2{};
    subString(result2, string1, 2, 4);
    while (*result2.str != '\0') {
        cout << *result2.str++;
    }
    cout << endl;

    if (clean(string1)) {
        cout << "string1 have been emptied!" << endl;
    }
}

bool variableStringAssign(variableString &variableStr, char *ch) {
    delete variableStr.str;

    int length = 0;
    char *c = ch;

    while (*c != '\0') {
        length++;
        c++;
    }

    if (length == 0) {
        variableStr.str = nullptr;
        variableStr.length = 0;
        return true;
    } else {
        variableStr.str = new char[length + 1];
        if (variableStr.str == nullptr) {
            return false;
        } else {
            c = ch;
            for (int i = 0; i <= length; ++i, ++c) {
                variableStr.str[i] = *c;
            }
            variableStr.length = length;
            return true;
        }
    }
}

int getLength(variableString variableString) {
    return variableString.length;
}

int stringCompare(variableString variableString1, variableString variableString2) {
    for (int i = 0; i < variableString1.length && i < variableString2.length; ++i) {
        if (variableString1.str[i] != variableString2.str[i]) {
            return variableString1.str[i] - variableString2.str[i];
        }
    }

    //前边都一样，比较字符串的长度
    return variableString1.length - variableString2.length;
}

bool concat(variableString &result, variableString variableString1, variableString variableString2) {
    delete result.str;
    result.str = nullptr;

    result.str = new char[variableString1.length + variableString2.length + 1];
    if (result.str == nullptr) {
        cerr << "Your memory is not enough" << endl;
        return false;
    }

    int i = 0;
    while (i < variableString1.length) {
        result.str[i] = variableString1.str[i];
        i++;
    }

    int j = 0;
    while (j <= variableString2.length) {
        result.str[i + j] = variableString2.str[j];
        j++;
    }

    result.length = variableString1.length + variableString2.length;

    return true;
}

bool subString(variableString &result, variableString variableString1, int from, int length) {
    if (from < 0 || from > variableString1.length || length < 0 || length > variableString1.length - from) {
        cerr << "Your parameters is wrong, please check";
        return false;
    }

    delete result.str;
    result.str = nullptr;

    if (length == 0) {
        result.str = nullptr;
        result.length = 0;
        return true;
    } else {
        result.str = new char[length + 1];
        int i = from;
        int j = 0;
        while (i < from + length) {
            result.str[j++] = variableString1.str[i++];
        }

        result.str[j] = '\0';
        result.length = length;
        return true;
    }
}

bool clean(variableString &variableString1) {
    delete variableString1.str;
    variableString1.str = nullptr;
    variableString1.length = 0;

    return true;
}