串的基本功能实现（C++）

串第一次听说，实际上就和C++封装好的string对象类似。本例题中，利用C++自实现了string类的一些功能函数，一方面回顾c++的一些知识，另一方面也加深对string对象的了解。编程过程中，为了省事，也或多或少利用了string的函数，例如size()，clear()等。
主要函数功能介绍：

Stringv1() { length = 0; }   //构造函数
Stringv1(const Stringv1 & s);   //复制构造函数
Stringv1(const char *c);   //将c风格字符串转string对象
Stringv1 &operator=(const Stringv1 & s);   //赋值函数
void Show() const;   //展示对象信息
bool ClearString();   //清除对象
bool isEmpty() const { return (length == 0); }  //判断串是否为空
int Length() const { return length; }   //返回串的长度
string SubString(int pos, int len);   //返回从pos开始的后len长度的串
int Index(const string & s, const int pos);   //查找pos之后的第一个与s相同的子串
int Replace(const string & s1, const string & s2);   //用s2替换掉串中的s1
string StrInsert(const string & s1, int pos);   //在串的pos之后插入子串s1
//这里用到了两个友元函数，目的是为了加强练习，也可以用类的公有函数代替
friend int StrCompare(const Stringv1 & s1, const Stringv1 & s2);//比较两个串是否相同
friend Stringv1 Concat(const Stringv1 & s1, const Stringv1 & s2);//将两个串连接在一起

示例输出结果：

This is a char array!
has 21 charater.
This is a char array!
has 21 charater.
String is cleared!
The two string is equal!
Substring:
is a char
Find the first substring "is" at 2
Using "at" replace is
After 2 time replace, the string is: That at a char array!
has 21 charater.
After insert a string:
That insert at a char array!

串的基本功能实现头文件：

#pragma once
#ifndef STRINGV1_H_
#define STRINGV1_H_

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Stringv1
{
private:
	string data;
	int length;
public:
	Stringv1() { length = 0; }
	Stringv1(const Stringv1 & s);
	Stringv1(const char *c);
	Stringv1 &operator=(const Stringv1 & s);
	void Show() const;
	bool ClearString();
	bool isEmpty() const { return (length == 0); }
	int Length() const { return length; }
	string SubString(int pos, int len);
	int Index(const string & s, const int pos);
	int Replace(const string & s1, const string & s2);
	string StrInsert(const string & s1, int pos);

	friend int StrCompare(const Stringv1 & s1, const Stringv1 & s2);
	friend Stringv1 Concat(const Stringv1 & s1, const Stringv1 & s2);
};

Stringv1::Stringv1(const Stringv1 & s)
{
	data = s.data;
	length = s.length;
}

Stringv1::Stringv1(const char *c)
{
	length = strlen(c);
	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
		data.push_back(c[i]);
}

Stringv1 &Stringv1::operator=(const Stringv1 & s)
{
	data = s.data;
	length = s.length;
	return *this;
}

void Stringv1::Show() const
{
	cout << data << endl;
	cout << "has " << length << " charater.\n";
}

bool Stringv1::ClearString()
{
	length = 0;
	data.clear();
	return true;
}

int StrCompare(const Stringv1 & s1, const Stringv1 & s2)
{
	if (s1.data.size() == 0 || s2.data.size() == 0) {
		cout << "Least an object is null.\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	else {
		int i = 0;
		while (i<s1.data.size()&&i<s2.data.size()&&
				s1.data[i] == s2.data[i]) {
			i++;
		}
		if (i == s1.data.size() && i == s2.data.size())
			return 0;
		else
			return (s1.data[i] < s2.data[i]) ? -1 : 1;
	}
}

Stringv1 Concat(const Stringv1 & s1, const Stringv1 & s2)
{
	Stringv1 con;
	con.data = s1.data + s2.data;
	con.length = s1.length + s2.length;
	return con;
}

string Stringv1::SubString(int pos, int len)
{
	string out;
	if (pos + len > length) {
		cout << "The substring is too long!\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	else
		for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
			out.push_back(data[pos + i]);
	return out;
}

int Stringv1::Index(const string & s, const int pos)
{
	if (s.empty()) {
		cout << "is empty!\n";
		return 0;
	}

	for (int i = pos; i < length; i++) {
		int j = 0;
		while (j < s.size() && i < length&&s[j] != data[i])
			i++;
		int temp = i;
		while (j < s.size() && i < length&&s[j] == data[i]) {
			i++; j++;
		}
		if (j == s.size())
			return temp;
		else
			i = temp + 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int Stringv1::Replace(const string & s1, const string & s2)
{
	if (s1.size() != s2.size()) {
		cout << "Must have same length!\n";
		return 0;
	}
	int time = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ) {
		int  index = Index(s1, i);
		if (index) {
			for (char temp : s2) {
				data[index] = temp;
				index++;
			}
			time++;
			i = index + 1;
		}
		else if (index == 0)
			return time;
	}
}

string Stringv1::StrInsert(const string & s1, int pos)
{
	if (s1.size() == 0)
		cout << "The string is empty!\n";
	if (pos > length)
		cout << "The index is out of range!\n";
	return this->SubString(0, pos - 1) + s1 +
		this->SubString(pos - 1, length - pos + 1);
}


#endif // !STRINGV1_H_

串的基本功能示例：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"stringv1.h"

using namespace std;

void main()
{
	char test1[] = "This is a char array!";
	Stringv1 test2(test1);
	test2.Show();
	Stringv1 test3;
	test3 = test2;
	test3.Show();
	if (test3.ClearString())
		cout << "String is cleared!\n";
	if (!StrCompare(test1, test2))
		cout << "The two string is equal!\n";
	cout << "Substring: \n";
	cout << test2.SubString(5, 10) << endl;
	string s1 = "is";
	cout << "Find the first substring \"" << s1 << "\" at ";
	cout << test2.Index(s1, 1) << endl;

	string s2 = "at";
	cout << "Using \"" << s2 << "\" replace " << s1 << endl;
	int time = test2.Replace(s1, s2);
	cout << "After " << time << " time replace, the string is: ";
	test2.Show();

	string s3 = "insert ";
	cout << "After insert a string: \n";
	cout << test2.StrInsert(s3, 6) << endl;
}