shell——条件测试

条件测试形式

格式一：test 条件测试
格式二：[ 条件测试 ]
格式三：[[条件测试]]

条件测试的比较的对象：文件、整数、字符串
输入指令：man test查看条件测试文档
文档如下：
（可总结一小部分为 字符串比较可以用=、!=。整数的比较要用 -eq、-ne）

	   ( EXPRESSION )
              EXPRESSION is true

       ! EXPRESSION
              EXPRESSION is false

       EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2
              both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true

       EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2
              either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true

       -n STRING
              the length of STRING is nonzero

       STRING equivalent to -n STRING

       -z STRING
              the length of STRING is zero

       STRING1 = STRING2
              the strings are equal

       STRING1 != STRING2
              the strings are not equal

       INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2
              INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2

       INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2
              INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2

       INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2
              INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2

       INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2
              INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2

       INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2
              INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2

       INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2
              INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2

       FILE1 -ef FILE2
              FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers

       FILE1 -nt FILE2
              FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2

       FILE1 -ot FILE2
              FILE1 is older than FILE2

       -b FILE
              FILE exists and is block special 文件存在并且是一个块设备（linux下的设备是用文件表示的）

       -c FILE
              FILE exists and is character special文件存在并且是字符设备

       -d FILE
              FILE exists and is a directory

       -e FILE
              FILE exists	文件存在

       -f FILE
              FILE exists and is a regular file	文件存在且是常规文件

       -g FILE
              FILE exists and is set-group-ID	文件存在且是被设置了特殊权限

       -G FILE
              FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID

       -h FILE
              FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)

       -k FILE
              FILE exists and has its sticky bit set

       -L FILE
              FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)

       -O FILE
              FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID

       -p FILE
              FILE exists and is a named pipe 文件存在 且是管道文件

       -r FILE
              FILE exists and read permission is granted

       -s FILE
              FILE exists and has a size greater than zero

       -S FILE
              FILE exists and is a socket

       -t FD  file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal

       -u FILE
              FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set

       -w FILE
              FILE exists and write permission is granted

       -x FILE
              FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted

比如判断某个目录是否存在

back_dir=/var/mmy
if[ ! -d $back_dir ];then 方括号内表示判断 back_di是否是一个目录,不是则创建。！表示对判断结果取反
	mkdir -p $back_dir
fi

磁盘使用量警告脚本例子

vim disk_use.sh
date --help 查看提取时间

#!/usr/bin/bash
NF表示倒数第一列
disk_use=`df -Th |grep '/$' |awk '{print $(NF-1)}' |awk -F"%" '{print $1}'`

if[ $disk_use -ge 90 ];then
	

df 查看磁盘分区
grep ‘mem’ 搜索含mem的行
awk 将输入的内容一行一行取出进行操作

字符串比较尽量用" "框起来 即便是字符串变量 也请用双引号框起来

seq指令

输入按套路出牌 创建用户

#!/usr/bin/bash
read -p "Please input number:" num
read -p "Please input prefix:" prefix

for i in `seq $num`  这个seq的作业就是生成1~num个数
do
	user=$prefix$i
	useradd $user
	echo "123" |passwd --stdin $user &>/dev/null
	if[ $? -eq 0 ];then
		echo "$user is created."
	fi
done

创建文件夹：

#!/usr/bin/bash
read -p "dir name:" name
read -p "dir num:" num

for i in `seq $num`
do
        mkdir ${name}ppl${i}
        if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
                echo "${name}ppl${i} is created."
        fi
done

shell变量定义的都是字符串，如何判断是字符串还是数字是根据用的指令 比如用let 变量那就是数字了

判断输入是不是数字

read num
if [[ $num != ~^[0-9]+$ ]];then
	echo "not a number"
	exit
fi