Shell参考 - 如何使用grep命令在文件中搜索字符串

You can use `grep` to search for patterns within a file by following this syntax:

grep [OPTIONS] PATTERN FILENAME

Example:

To search for the word "apple" in a file called `fruits.txt`, use:

grep "apple" fruits.txt

This will print the lines in the file `fruits.txt` that contain the word "apple."

Common Options:

- `-i`: Ignore case (e.g., `grep -i "apple" fruits.txt` will match "Apple", "APPLE", etc.)

- `-r`: Search recursively in directories (e.g., `grep -r "apple" /path/to/directory/`)

- `-n`: Show line numbers where the pattern occurs (e.g., `grep -n "apple" fruits.txt`)

- `-v`: Invert match, showing lines that do **not** contain the pattern (e.g., `grep -v "apple" fruits.txt`)

- `-w`: Match whole words only (e.g., `grep -w "apple" fruits.txt`)

- `-l`: List only filenames containing the match (e.g., `grep -l "apple" *.txt`)

- `-A NUM`: Show `NUM` lines **after** the match (e.g., `grep -A 2 "apple" fruits.txt`)

- `-B NUM`: Show `NUM` lines **before** the match (e.g., `grep -B 2 "apple" fruits.txt`)

- `-C NUM`: Show `NUM` lines **before and after** the match (e.g., `grep -C 2 "apple" fruits.txt`)

Searching with Regular Expressions:

You can use regular expressions with `grep` for more powerful searches:

- `^`: Matches the beginning of a line (e.g., `grep "^apple" fruits.txt` will find lines starting with "apple")

- `$`: Matches the end of a line (e.g., `grep "apple$" fruits.txt` will find lines ending with "apple")