Hadoop-16

压缩/解压缩

对数据流的压缩和解压缩

CompressionCodec有两个方法可以用于轻松地压缩或解压缩数据。要想对正在被写入一个输出流的数据进行压缩，我们可以使用 createOutputStream(OutputStreamout)方法创建一个CompressionOutputStream(未压缩的数据将 被写到此)，将其以压缩格式写入底层的流。相反，要想对从输入流读取而来的数据进行解压缩，则调用 createInputStream(InputStreamin)函数，从而获得一个CompressionInputStream,，从而从底层的流 读取未压缩的数据。

测试一下如下压缩方式：

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.compress;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodecFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;

public class TestCompress {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
//		compress("e:/test.txt","org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec");
		decompres("e:/test.txt.bz2");
	}
	
	/*
	 * 压缩
	 * filername：要压缩文件的路径
	 * method：欲使用的压缩的方法（org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec）
	 */
	public static void compress(String filername, String method) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
		
		// 1 创建压缩文件路径的输入流
		File fileIn = new File(filername);
		InputStream in = new FileInputStream(fileIn);
		
		// 2 获取压缩的方式的类
		Class codecClass = Class.forName(method);
		
		Configuration conf = new Configuration();
		// 3 通过名称找到对应的编码/解码器
		CompressionCodec codec = (CompressionCodec) ReflectionUtils.newInstance(codecClass, conf);

		// 4 该压缩方法对应的文件扩展名
		File fileOut = new File(filername + codec.getDefaultExtension());
		fileOut.delete();

		OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(fileOut);
		CompressionOutputStream cout = codec.createOutputStream(out);

		// 5 流对接
		IOUtils.copyBytes(in, cout, 1024 * 1024 * 5, false); // 缓冲区设为5MB

		// 6 关闭资源
		in.close();
		cout.close();
	}

	/*
	 * 解压缩
	 * filename：希望解压的文件路径
	 */
	public static void decompres(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {

		Configuration conf = new Configuration();
		CompressionCodecFactory factory = new CompressionCodecFactory(conf);
		
		// 1 获取文件的压缩方法
		CompressionCodec codec = factory.getCodec(new Path(filename));
		
		// 2 判断该压缩方法是否存在
		if (null == codec) {
			System.out.println("Cannot find codec for file " + filename);
			return;
		}

		// 3 创建压缩文件的输入流
		InputStream cin = codec.createInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));
		
		// 4 创建解压缩文件的输出流
		File fout = new File(filename + ".decoded");
		OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(fout);

		// 5 流对接
		IOUtils.copyBytes(cin, out, 1024 * 1024 * 5, false);

		// 6 关闭资源
		cin.close();
		out.close();
	}
}

在Map输出端采用压缩

即使你的MapReduce的输入输出文件都是未压缩的文件，你仍然可以对map任务的中间结果输出做压缩，因为它要写在硬盘并且通过网络传输到reduce节点，对其压缩可以提高很多性能，这些工作只要设置两个属性即可，我们来看下代码怎么设置：

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class WordCountDriver {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {

		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();

		// 开启map端输出压缩
		configuration.setBoolean("mapreduce.map.output.compress", true);
		// 设置map端输出压缩方式
		configuration.setClass("mapreduce.map.output.compress.codec", GzipCodec.class, CompressionCodec.class);

		Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);

		job.setJarByClass(WordCountDriver.class);

		job.setMapperClass(WordCountMapper.class);
		job.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);

		job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

		job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

		FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));

		boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);

		System.exit(result ? 1 : 0);
	}
}

2）Mapper保持不变

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class WordCountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>{
	
	@Override
	protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context)
			throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		
		String line = value.toString();
		
		String[] words = line.split(" ");
		
		for(String word:words){
			context.write(new Text(word), new IntWritable(1));
		}
	}
}

3）Reducer保持不变

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

public class WordCountReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>{
	
	@Override
	protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
			Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		
		int count = 0;
		
		for(IntWritable value:values){
			count += value.get();
		}
		
		context.write(key, new IntWritable(count));
	}
}

在Reduce输出端采用压缩

基于workcount案例处理

1）修改驱动

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.Lz4Codec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class WordCountDriver {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
		
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		
		Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);
		
		job.setJarByClass(WordCountDriver.class);
		
		job.setMapperClass(WordCountMapper.class);
		job.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);
		
		job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
		
		job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
		
		FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
		
		// 设置reduce端输出压缩开启
		FileOutputFormat.setCompressOutput(job, true);
		
		// 设置压缩的方式
	    FileOutputFormat.setOutputCompressorClass(job, BZip2Codec.class); 
//	    FileOutputFormat.setOutputCompressorClass(job, GzipCodec.class); 
//	    FileOutputFormat.setOutputCompressorClass(job, Lz4Codec.class); 
//	    FileOutputFormat.setOutputCompressorClass(job, DefaultCodec.class); 
	    
		boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
		
		System.exit(result?1:0);
	}
}

2）Mapper和Reducer保持不变（详见：在Map输出端采用压缩）