Django中关于DRF的用法

系统的接口编写
1.创建serializers.py文件

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book
class BookSerializer(serializers.HyperLinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ("url", "book_name", "book_price")
        
        
 # 也可以继承 serializers.ModelSerializer 将展示的url换成id 
class BookSerializer1(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ("id", "book_name", "book_price")    

2.在views.py中写视图函数
#FBV、CBV
#FBV：使用函数处理请求 函数视图
#CBV：使用类处理请求 类视图

from rest_framework import viewset

class BookView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

3.在urls.py中加载路由
from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'books', views.BookView()

4.最后在主url文件中导入

from urls import router
urlpatterns = [
    path('api/', include(router.urls))
]

这样就完成了一个最简单的接口注册

三种展示数据的形式
HyperLinkedModelSerializer继承于ModelSerializer继承于Serializer
1.直接是超链接

class BookSerializer(serializers.HyperLinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ("url", "book_name", "book_price")
 测试返回的结果如下： 
  {
        "url": http://xxxxx/api/books/1/,  # 可以直接点进去查看详情
        "book_name": "西游记",
        "book_price": 100.1
    },      

2. 使用模型中自带的字段在返回页面展示

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ("id", "book_name", "book_price")
测试返回的结果如下：  
     {
        "id": 1,
        "book_name": "西游记",
        "book_price": 100.1
    },       

3.继承最底层的Serializer方法

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializer.IntegerField(read_onle=True)
    book_name = serializer.CharField()
    book_price = serializer.FloatField()
    
    # instance 更新的信息
    # validated_data 获取信息
    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.book_name = validated_data.get("book_name") or instance.book_name
       instance.book_price = validated_data.get("book_price") or instance.book_price
       instance.save()
       return instance
   def create(self, validated_data):
       return Book.objects.create(**validated_data)     

类视图的限制
1.CreateAPIView：只接收post请求
#这里只想创建一个Game

class GameCreateApiView(CreateAPIView):  # 只接受post请求 类视图的方式 
queryset = Game.objects.all()
serializer_class = GameSerializer

2.ListAPIView：只接收get请求

class GameCreateApiView(ListAPIView):   #只接受get请求
queryset = Game.objects.all()
serializer_class = GameSerializer   # 序列化到serializer映射出去

3.ListCreateAPIView：接收post get 请求

class GameCreateApiView(ListCreateAPIView):  # 接受post 和 get 请求
    queryset = Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GameSerializer

用户的登陆注册以及携带Token

class UserCreateApiView(CreateAPIView):
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        action = request.query_params.get("action")  # 获取的url中的参数是：register
        # action = request.POST.get("action")   获取的是：None
        if action == 'register':
            return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
        elif action == "login":
            return self.do_login(request, *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            raise APIException("请提供正确的请求")
        return HttpResponse('666')

    def do_login(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        user_name = request.POST.get("user_name")
        user_password = request.POST.get("user_password")
        try:
            user = User.objects.filter(user_name=user_name).first()
        except User.DoesNotExist as e:
            print(e)
            raise NotFound(detail="用户不存在")
        if user.user_password != user_password:
            raise APIException(detail="用户密码错误")
        token = uuid.uuid4().hex
        cache.set(token, user.id, timeout=60*60*7*24)
        data = {
            "status": status.HTTP_200_OK,
            "msg": "登陆成功",
            "token": token
        }
        return Response(data)

settings.py中设置redis(要确保安装了diango_redis)

from django_redis.client import DefaultClient
CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
            "PASSWORD": "xxx"  # redis的密码，没有可以不写
        }
    }
}

只有登陆的用户才有查看电影的权限
1.在MovieView.py中写入

class MovieView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Movie.objects.all()
    serializer_class = MovieSerializer
    authentication_classes = UserAuthentication,
    permission_classes = UserLoginPermission,

authentications.py

class UserAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        try:
            token = request.query_params.get("token")
            user_id = cache.get(token)
            user = User.objects.get(pk=user_id)
            return user, token
         except Exeption as e:
             print(e)
             return None            

permissions.py

class UserLoginPermission(BasePermission):
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        return isinstance(request.user, User)