第九章 压缩和解压缩

gzip和gunzip指令

gzip用户压缩，gunzip用于解压缩
gzip 文件：把文件压缩成.gz（原文件将会移除，不会保留原来的文件）
gunzip 文件.gz：解压缩（不会保留压缩文件）

zip和unzip指令

zip用于压缩，unzip用于解压（项目打包常用）
zip [选项] XXX.zip 需要压缩的内容：压缩文件和目录
unzip [选项] XXX.zip：解压缩文件

zip选项：
-r：递归压缩，即压缩目录（压缩目录不适用-r，压缩的内容为空）
unzip选项：
-d 目录：指定解压缩的目录

tar指令

tar [选项] XXX.tar.gz 需要打包的内容：打包后的文件是.tar.gz的文件
选项：
-c：产生.tar打包文件
-v：显示详细信息
-f：指定压缩后的文件名
-z：打包同时压缩
-x：解压.tar文件

[root@localhost home]# tar zcvf hz.tar.gz hz/
hz/
hz/mydate.txt
hz/.local/
hz/.local/share/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/extensions/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/state/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/objects/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/remotes/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/heads/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/mirrors/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/tmp/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/tmp/cache/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/config
hz/.local/share/flatpak/.changed
hz/test/
hz/test/test.txt
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
总用量 20
drwx------.  4 hz      hz     4096 7月  21 22:35 hz
-rw-r--r--.  1 root    root   6786 7月  21 22:52 hz.tar.gz
drwx------. 15 xh      xh     4096 7月  13 23:11 xh
drwx------.  5 zhangwj mojiao 4096 7月  14 22:51 zhangwj

解压并指定目录（解压指定的目录事先需要存在，否则报错）

[root@localhost home]# tar -zxvf hz.tar.gz -C hz/
hz/
hz/mydate.txt
hz/.local/
hz/.local/share/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/extensions/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/state/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/objects/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/remotes/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/heads/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/refs/mirrors/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/tmp/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/tmp/cache/
hz/.local/share/flatpak/repo/config
hz/.local/share/flatpak/.changed
hz/test/
hz/test/test.txt
[root@localhost home]# ls -l hz/hz/
总用量 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17589 7月  20 22:32 mydate.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 7月  21 22:30 test