Python学习 day2

for 循环

s1 = “asdfghjkl”

for i in s1

print(i)

start,end,步长

for i in range(4, 20, 1):

print(i)

整型 int

1、可变or不可变

2、有序or无序

3、存一个or存多个

a = 1

b = ‘1’

print(type(b))

b = int(b)

print(type(b))

a = 1

print(id(a))

a = 2

print(id(a))

a = 1.2

print(a)

print(type(a))

a = int(a)

print(a)

print(type(a))

# 浮点型 float

x = 1.1

y = 100.0

print(type(x))

print(type(y))

字符串

1、可变 or 不可变

2、有序 or 无序

3、存一个 or 存多个

不可变类型

有序

存一个值

s1 = “sadsad”

print(s1)

print(id(s1))

s1 += “qwe”

print(s1)

print(id(s1))

s1 = “abcdef”

print(s1[3])

print(s1[0:3])

print(s1[1:4])

print(s1[4:])

print(s1[-2:])

print(len(s1))

清除字符串空格 .strip

name = input(“请输入用户名：”).strip()

print(f"你的名字：{name},嘿嘿！")

in、not in

a = ‘云姐’

print(‘云’ in a)

print(‘云’ not in a)

切分

s1 = “sean,18,male”

l1 = s1.split(",")

print(l1)

循环

ss = “asdfghj”

for i in ss:

print(i)

转换大小写

a = ‘asda’

b = ‘ASDA’

print(a.upper())

print(b.lower())

yunjie = 18

# name = input(“请输入你的名字：”).strip()

# 判断当前字符串是否是一个数字

age = input(“年龄：”).strip()

if age.isdigit():

age = int(age)

print(age)

if age == yunjie:

print(“云姐”)

else:

print(“输入有误！”)

else:

print(“输入不符合规范！”)

replace

a = “aa”

b = a.replace(“aa”,“bb”)

print(b)

列表 list

可变类型 id不变 值变id不变

有序

存多个值

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

print(l1)

print(id(l1))

print(type(l1))

l1[0] = 110

print(l1)

print(id(l1))

print(type(l1))

索引取值

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

print(l1[1])

切片

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

print(l1[:3])

len

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

print(len(l1))

增删改查

增 append extend

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

l1.append(“112”)

print(l1)

l2 = [7, 8, 9]

l1.extend(l2)

print(l1)

l1.insert(3,4)

print(l1)

删 remove pop(删除不彻底，有返回值)

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

l1.remove(“b”)

print(l1)

l1.pop()

print(l1)

改

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

l1[0] = 110

print(l1)

查

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

print(l1[0])

查看索引位置

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

print(l1.index(‘a’))

拷贝

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

l3 = l1.copy()

print(l3)

print(l1)

翻转

l1 = [1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’]

l1.reverse()

print(l1)

排序

l1 = [4, 8, 3, 12, 5, 1, 10]

print(l1)

print(id(l1))

# 列表内置的方法

l1.sort()

print(l1)

print(id(l1))

# Python内置的方法

ll1 = sorted(l1)

print(ll1)

print(id(ll1))

元组

不可变类型

有序

存多个值

t1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, ‘a’, ‘b’)

print(t1)

print(id(t1))

print(type(t1))

# 索引取值

t1 = (1, 1, 2, 3, 4, ‘a’, ‘b’)

print(t1[0])

# 切片（顾头不顾尾）

print(t1[:4])

# 长度 len

print(len(t1))

# 成员运算 in 和not in

print(1 not in t1)

# 循环

for i in t1:

print(i)

# count

print(t1.count(2))

print(t1.count(1))

# index

l1 = [1, 2]

t1.index()

字典 dict

dict = {key: value}

d1 = {‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2}

print(d1)

print(id(d1))

print(type(d1))

可变类型

无序

存多个值

# 按key存取值: 可存可取

d1 = {‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2}

print(d1)

print(d1[‘a’])

d1[‘c’] = 3

print(d1)

# 长度len

print(len(d1))

# 删除del

del d1[‘a’]

print(d1)

# 键keys()、值value()、键值对items()

# 迭代所有value

for i in d1.values():

print(i)

# 迭代所有key

for i in d1.keys():

print(i)

# 迭代所有键值对

for key, value in d1.items():

print(key, value)

集合 set

s1 = {1, 2, 3, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’}

print(s1)

print(id(s1))

print(type(s1))

不可变类型

无序

存多个值

python = {‘发哥’, ‘强哥’, ‘冰哥’}

java = {‘紫薇’, ‘考拉’, ‘阿娇’, ‘强哥’}

# 长度len

print(len(python))

print(len(java))

# 成员运算 in 和not in

# 略

# 并集 union

print(python | java)

print(python.union(java))

# 交集 intersection

print(python & java)

print(python.intersection(java))

# 差集 difference

print(python-java)

print(python.difference(java))

浅拷贝or深拷贝

l1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, ‘a’, ‘b’, [7, 8, 9]]

print(l1)

print(id(l1))

l2 = l1.copy()

print(l2)

print(id(l2))

l2[0] = 110

l2[6] [0] = 7777

print(l1)

print(l2)

import copy

l1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, ‘a’, ‘b’, [7, 8, 9]]

l2 = l1.copy()

l3 = copy.deepcopy(l1)

print(l3)

print(id(l3))

l3[0] = 100

l3[6] [0] = 9999

print(l1)

print(l2)

print(l3)

# 文件操作

# 读 写

#path = ‘E:\Python学习\Python 老男孩\text.txt’

f = open(‘text.txt’)

data = f.read()

print(data)

f.close()

f= open(“001.txt”, mode=‘w’, encoding=‘utf8’)

f.write(“考拉|71|female”)

f.close() # 回收操作系统的资源

文件打开的三种格式

path = ‘text.txt’

r:只读

f = open(path, mode=‘r’, encoding=‘utf-8’)

data = f.read()

print(data)

f.close()

w:只写

f = open(path, mode=‘w’, encoding=‘utf-8’)

f.write(“shuishui|84|female”)

f.close()

a:追加写

f = open(path, mode=‘a’, encoding=‘utf-8’)

f.write(“bingge|11|female”)

f.close()

b模式 （bytes）

f = open(‘tp.jpg’, mode=‘rb’)

data = f.read()

print(data)

with管理上下文

with open(“text.txt”)as r_f,\

open(“001.txt”, mode=‘w’)as w_f:

data = r_f.read()

w_f.write(“ajiao|77|female”)

print(data)

修改文件

import os

with open(“001.txt”, mode=‘r’, encoding=‘utf-8’)as rf, \

open(“001_wrap.txt”, mode=‘w’, encoding=‘utf-8’)as wf:

data = rf.read()

print(data)

data = data.replace(“ajiao”, “阿娇”)

print(data)

wf.write(data)

os.remove(‘001.txt’)

os.rename(‘001_wrap.txt’, ‘001.txt’)