由于线程的本质特性,使得不能捕获从线程中逃逸的异常。一旦异常逃逸出任务的 run() 方法,它就会向外传播到控制台,除非采取特殊的步骤捕获这种错误的异常。
下面的任务总是会抛出一个异常:
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
exec.execute(new ExceptionThread());
}
}
class ExceptionThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
控制台输出:
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-1" java.lang.RuntimeException
at cn.edu.yzu.app.ExceptionThread.run(Main.java:18)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
即使把 main 的主体放入 try-catch 语句块也没有作用:
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
exec.execute(new ExceptionThread());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class ExceptionThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
这将产生与之前相同的结果,catch 语句块的内容并不会执行。
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler 是 Java SE5 中的新接口,它允许你在每个 Thread 对象上都附着一个异常处理器:
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new HandlerThreadFactory());
exec.execute(new ExceptionThread());
}
}
class ExceptionThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
class HandlerThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r);
t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new MyUncaughtExceptionHandler());
return t;
}
}
class MyUncaughtExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println("caught " + e);
}
}
控制台输出:
caught java.lang.RuntimeException
如果你知道将要在代码中处处使用相同的异常处理器,更简单地是在 Thread 类中设置一个静态域,并将这个处理器设置为默认的未捕获异常处理器:
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new MyUncaughtExceptionHandler());
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new HandlerThreadFactory());
exec.execute(new ExceptionThread());
}
}
class ExceptionThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
class MyUncaughtExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println("caught " + e);
}
}
ps:这个处理器只有在不存在线程专有的未捕获异常处理器的情况下才会调用,即优先级低。系统会检查线程专有版本,如果没有发现,则检查线程组是否由其专有的 uncaughtException() 方法,如果也没有,再调用 defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler。关于线程组,可以不用了解,了解它并没有什么价值,它只是 Java 类库中的一次失败尝试。