android运行时权限申请和处理

官方文档：

https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html?hl=zh-cn#perm-request

相关概念：
普通权限和危险权限
危险权限与权限组

上代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.gittest3">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

package com.example.gittest3;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS = 1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

            // 如果用户已经拒绝了当前权限,shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale返回true，此时我们需要进行必要的解释和处理
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
                showRationaleDialog(MainActivity.this);
            } else {
                //用户没有拒绝，请求权限，结果会在onRequestPermissionsResult就行返回
                //权限的请求是面向权限组的，如果该权限所在权限组已经获取到了权限，其他权限的请求自动通过，如果所在权限组没有获取到权限，会弹出提示框，提示用户开放权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
            }
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                           @NonNull String permissions[], @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
                // 从数组中取出返回结果
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "给我权限了", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                } else {
                    showRationaleDialog(MainActivity.this);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 弹出提示语
     *
     * @param context context
     */
    private void showRationaleDialog(final Context context) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
        builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                dialog.dismiss();
            }
        });
        builder.setPositiveButton("去允许", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                dialog.dismiss();
                goAppDetailSettingIntent(context);
            }
        });
        builder.setMessage("为保证您正常的使用，您需要开启相应权限");
        AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();
        dialog.show();
    }

    /**
     * 提示用户去手动设置权限
     *
     * @param context context
     */
    private void goAppDetailSettingIntent(Context context) {
        Intent localIntent = new Intent();
        localIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        localIntent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
        localIntent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", context.getPackageName(), null));
        context.startActivity(localIntent);
    }
}