快速排序和归并排序（分治法的魅力）

1.快排

void quick_sort(int s[], int l, int r)
{
    if (l < r)
    {
        int i = l, j = r, x = s[l];
        while (i < j)
        {
            while(i < j && s[j] >= x) // 从右向左找第一个小于x的数
                j--;  
            if(i < j) 
                s[i++] = s[j];
            
            while(i < j && s[i] < x) // 从左向右找第一个大于等于x的数
                i++;  
            if(i < j) 
                s[j--] = s[i];
        }
        s[i] = x;
        quick_sort(s, l, i - 1); // 递归调用 
        quick_sort(s, i + 1, r);
    }
}

2 归并

template<typename T>
void merge_sort_recursive(T arr[], T reg[], int start, int end) {
    if (start >= end)
        return;
    int len = end - start, mid = (len >> 1) + start;
    int start1 = start, end1 = mid;
    int start2 = mid + 1, end2 = end;
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start1, end1);
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start2, end2);
    int k = start;
    while (start1 <= end1 && start2 <= end2)
        reg[k++] = arr[start1] < arr[start2] ? arr[start1++] : arr[start2++];
    while (start1 <= end1)
        reg[k++] = arr[start1++];
    while (start2 <= end2)
        reg[k++] = arr[start2++];
    for (k = start; k <= end; k++)
        arr[k] = reg[k];
}

// merge_sort
template<typename T>
void merge_sort(T arr[], const int len) {
    T reg[len];
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, 0, len - 1);
}