ORM框架Gorm-模型关联

-天道酬勤-

已于 2022-03-14 11:19:39 修改

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分类专栏： GolangORM框架Gorm 文章标签： golang mysql 数据库

于 2022-03-13 22:54:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39337886/article/details/123464364

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本文介绍了GORM ORM库在Go中如何处理数据库表之间的关系，包括BelongsTo、HasOne、HasMany和ManyToMany四种关系。通过示例展示了如何定义外键，以及如何进行多态关联，帮助理解GORM在数据库模型设计中的应用。

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Belongs To

用户属于公司，删除表时候先删除用户表再删除公司表

基本使用

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

type Company struct {
	ID   int
	Name string
}

// User 属于 Company CompanyID 是外键
type User struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name      string
	CompanyID int
	Company   Company
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&Company{}, &User{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()
}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `companies` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` longtext,
  `company_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
  KEY `fk_users_company` (`company_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_users_company` FOREIGN KEY (`company_id`) REFERENCES `companies` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

重写外键

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

type User struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name         string
	CompanyRefer int
	Company      Company `gorm:"foreignKey:CompanyRefer"`
	// 使用 CompanyRefer 作为外键
}

type Company struct {
	ID   int
	Name string
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	// db.AutoMigrate(&Company{}, &User{})
	db.AutoMigrate(&User{}, &Company{})
	// 先后顺序不影响创建
}

func main() {
	createTable()
}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `companies` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` longtext,
  `company_refer` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
  KEY `fk_users_company` (`company_refer`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_users_company` FOREIGN KEY (`company_refer`) REFERENCES `companies` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

Has One

基本使用

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

// User 有一张 CreditCard，CreditCardID 是外键
type User struct {
	gorm.Model
	CreditCard CreditCard
}

type CreditCard struct {
	gorm.Model
	Number string
	UserID uint
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&User{}, &CreditCard{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()
}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `credit_cards` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `number` longtext,
  `user_id` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_credit_cards_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
  KEY `fk_users_credit_card` (`user_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_users_credit_card` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

重写外键

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

type User struct {
	gorm.Model
	CreditCard CreditCard `gorm:"foreignKey:UserName"`
	// 使用 UserName 作为外键
}

type CreditCard struct {
	gorm.Model
	Number   string
	UserName string
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&User{}, &CreditCard{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()
}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `credit_cards` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `number` longtext,
  `user_name` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_credit_cards_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
  KEY `fk_users_credit_card` (`user_name`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_users_credit_card` FOREIGN KEY (`user_name`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

Has Many

基本使用

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

// User 有多张 CreditCard，UserID 是外键
type User struct {
	gorm.Model
	CreditCards []CreditCard
}

type CreditCard struct {
	gorm.Model
	Number string
	UserID uint
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&User{}, &CreditCard{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()
}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `credit_cards` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `number` longtext,
  `user_id` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_credit_cards_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
  KEY `fk_users_credit_cards` (`user_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_users_credit_cards` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

重写外键

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

type User struct {
	gorm.Model
	CreditCards []CreditCard `gorm:"foreignKey:UserRefer"`
}

type CreditCard struct {
	gorm.Model
	Number    string
	UserRefer uint
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&User{}, &CreditCard{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()
}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `credit_cards` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `number` longtext,
  `user_refer` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_credit_cards_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
  KEY `fk_users_credit_cards` (`user_refer`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_users_credit_cards` FOREIGN KEY (`user_refer`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

多态关联

GORM 为 has one 和 has many 提供了多态关联支持，它会将拥有者实体的表名、主键都保存到多态类型的字段中

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

type Dog struct {
	ID   int
	Name string
	Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`
}

type Cat struct {
	ID   int
	Name string
	Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`
}

type Toy struct {
	ID        int
	Name      string
	OwnerID   int
	OwnerType string
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&Dog{}, &Cat{}, &Toy{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()
	// 插入数据
	db.Create(&Dog{Name: "dog1", Toys: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})
	db.Create(&Cat{Name: "cat1", Toys: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})

}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `cats` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `cats` VALUES (1,'cat1');

CREATE TABLE `dogs` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `dogs` VALUES (1,'dog1');

CREATE TABLE `toys` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  `owner_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `owner_type` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `toys` VALUES (1,'toy1',1,'dogs'),(2,'toy2',1,'dogs'),(3,'toy1',1,'cats'),(4,'toy2',1,'cats');

使用标签 polymorphicValue 来更改多态类型的值

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

type Dog struct {
	ID   int
	Name string
	Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;polymorphicValue:master-dog"`
}

type Cat struct {
	ID   int
	Name string
	Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;polymorphicValue:master-cat"`
}

type Toy struct {
	ID        int
	Name      string
	OwnerID   int
	OwnerType string
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&Dog{}, &Cat{}, &Toy{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()
	// 插入数据
	db.Create(&Dog{Name: "dog1", Toys: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})
	db.Create(&Cat{Name: "cat1", Toys: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})

}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `cats` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `cats` VALUES (1,'cat1');

CREATE TABLE `dogs` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `dogs` VALUES (1,'dog1');

CREATE TABLE `toys` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` longtext,
  `owner_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `owner_type` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `toys` VALUES (1,'toy1',1,'master-dog'),(2,'toy2',1,'master-dog'),(3,'toy1',1,'master-cat'),(4,'toy2',1,'master-cat');

Many To Many

基本使用

package main

import (
	"log"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var db *gorm.DB

func init() {
	dsn := "root:root@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_orm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
	// d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info)})
	d, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	db = d
}

// User 拥有并属于多种 language，`user_languages` 是连接表
type User struct {
	gorm.Model
	Languages []Language `gorm:"many2many:user_languages;"`
}

type Language struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name string
}

func createTable() {
	// 数据库配置文件设置创建的表为InnoDB
	// default-storage-engine=INNODB
	db.AutoMigrate(&User{}, &Language{})
}

func main() {
	createTable()

}

运行之后创建的表SQL如下

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `languages` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` longtext,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_languages_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `user_languages` (
  `user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `language_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`,`language_id`),
  KEY `fk_user_languages_language` (`language_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_user_languages_user` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_user_languages_language` FOREIGN KEY (`language_id`) REFERENCES `languages` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;