centos7安装mysql8以及初始数据库和修改密码

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-26 10:13:34 发布

郝さん

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-26 10:13:34 发布

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文章标签： mysql centos

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39341318/article/details/109506147

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centos7安装mysql8以及初始数据库和修改密码

删除mysql残留

查找本机安装的mysql
```
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
```
清除msyql安装文件
```
yum -y remove MySQL-*
```
删除mysql配置文件
```
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
```
删除mysq默认密码
```
rm -rf /root/.mysql_sercret
```

安装mysql8.0

配置mysql8.0的安装源
```
rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 soft]# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
Retrieving https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.wSMa6H: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing…
1:mysql80-community-release-el7-3 ################################# [100%]
安装mysql8.0
```
yum --enablerepo=mysql80-community install mysql-community-server
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 yum.repos.d]# yum --enablerepo=mysql80-community install mysql-community-server
…

…

…

Installed:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.22-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.22-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.22-1.el7

Dependency Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.22-1.el7
mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.22-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.22-1.el7

Dependency Updated:
postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7

Replaced:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7

Complete!
启动mysql服务
```
service mysqld start
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 yum.repos.d]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
查看mysql服务状态
```
service mysqld status
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 yum.repos.d]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-10-29 16:56:07 CST; 3min 0s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 766 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 838 (mysqld)
Status: “Server is operational”
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─838 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Oct 29 16:55:56 hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server…
Oct 29 16:56:07 hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

修改root用户密码

查看临时密码（随机生成）
```
grep "A temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 yum.repos.d]# grep “A temporary password” /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-10-29T08:56:00.645300Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: suqawlAc)7C%
登录并修改临时密码
```
mysql -uroot -p
```
提示输入密码

[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

输入临时密码后，修改密码
```
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'aaaaaa'; 
```
ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘aaaaaa’;
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

这里8.0版本的密码策略是大小写字母+数据+符号
```
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Hrz1029!@'; 
```
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘Hrz1029!@’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

如果想用简单的密码可以修改密码规则
```
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password.%'; 
```
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘validate_password.%’;
±-------------------------------------±-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
±-------------------------------------±-------+
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 8 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
±-------------------------------------±-------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

关于 mysql 密码策略相关参数；
1）validate_password_length 固定密码的总长度；

2）validate_password_dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径；
3）validate_password_mixed_case_count 整个密码中至少要包含大/小写字母的总个数；
4）validate_password_number_count 整个密码中至少要包含阿拉伯数字的个数；
5）validate_password_policy 指定密码的强度验证等级，默认为 MEDIUM；

关于 validate_password_policy 的取值：
0/LOW：只验证长度；
1/MEDIUM：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符；
2/STRONG：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符、字典文件；

输入：set global validate_password.policy=0;

改为只校验长度

6）validate_password_special_char_count 整个密码中至少要包含特殊字符的个数；

7）validate_password.check_user_name 用户名和密码不能相同

输入：set global validate_password.check_user_name=off;
```
set global validate_password.length=6;
set global validate_password.policy=0;
set global validate_password.check_user_name=off;
```
mysql> set global validate_password.length=6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password.check_user_name=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

新增数据库

创建数据库
```
create database xrsdb;
```
查看数据库
```
show databases;
```
mysql> show databases;
±-------------------+
| Database |
±-------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| xrsdb |
±-------------------+

授权远程访问

查看root的host
```
select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
```
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
±----------±-----------------±-----------------------------------------------------------------------±----------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string | plugin |
±----------±-----------------±-----------------------------------------------------------------------±----------------------+
| localhost | root | $A $005$ %O%9UB4/
&L"My2gC4OzO3XoPEhPm1SZrKRg1GoqaE5BfpH.o/FXzh4 | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A $005$ THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A $005$ THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A $005$ THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
±----------±-----------------±-----------------------------------------------------------------------±----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到root的host是localhost ，改为可以连接的ip或者%
```
update user set host = '%' where user.user='root';
```
修改加密方式
```
show variables like 'default_authentication_plugin';
```
mysql> show variables like ‘default_authentication_plugin’;
±------------------------------±----------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
±------------------------------±----------------------+
| default_authentication_plugin | caching_sha2_password |
±------------------------------±----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

Navicat不支持MySQL新版本的这种用户登录账户加密方式，加密方式改成mysql_native_password

语法:ALTER USER ‘[用户名]’@’%’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘[密码]’;
```
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'aaaaaa';
```

开放3306端口

查看防护墙状态
```
systemctl status firewalld
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
开启防火墙
```
systemctl start firewalld
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 ~]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-11-05 10:09:34 CST; 8s ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 9240 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─9240 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Nov 05 10:09:32 hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon…
Nov 05 10:09:34 hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

开放端口

 语法:firewall-cmd [--zone=<zone>] --add-port=<port>[-<port>]/<protocol> [--timeout=<seconds>]
 
 开放3306端口：
## zone -- 作用域
## add-port=80/tcp -- 添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议
## permanent -- 永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
## 开启3306端口后，workbench或naivcat 就能连接到MySQL数据库了

重启防火墙
```
firewall-cmd --reload
```
查看所有打开的端口
```
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
```
[root@hecs-x-large-2-linux-20200404090311 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
3306/tcp

*问题

linux下的安装的mysql默认是区分表名的大小写的，而且mysql一旦初始化，想改就很麻烦。最好在初始化的时候配置上忽略大小写

在/etc/my.cnf，在[mysqld]下面添加 lower_case_table_names=1
该问题的官方描述

参考Centos7安装mysql8.0教程 Centos7开放3306端口

郝さん

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centos7安装mysql8以及初始数据库和修改密码

centos7安装mysql8以及初始数据库和修改密码删除mysql残留查找本机安装的mysqlrpm -qa | grep -i mysql清除msyql安装文件yum -y remove MySQL-*删除mysql配置文件rm -rf /etc/my.cnf删除mysq默认密码rm -rf /root/.mysql_sercret安装mysql8.0配置mysql8.0的安装源rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/
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