操作系统第七次作业

第七次作业

问题一：Explain the difference between internal and external fragmentation.

答：

内部碎片就是已经被分配出去（能明确指出属于哪个进程）却不能被利用的内存空间；

外部碎片指的是还没有被分配出去（不属于任何进程），但由于太小了无法分配给申请内存空间的新进程的内存空闲区域。

问题二：Given five memory partitions of 100 KB, 500 KB, 200 KB, 300 KB, and 600 KB (in order), how would each of the first-fit, best-fit, and worst-fit algorithms place processes of 212 KB, 417 KB, 112 KB, and 426 KB (in order)? Which algorithm makes the most efficient use of memory?

答：

first-fit:

212KB->500KB 空闲分区288KB

417KB->600KB 空闲分区183KB

112KB->288KB 288KB空闲分区变为176KB

426KB等待

best-fit:

212KB->300KB 空闲分区88KB

417KB->500KB 空闲分区83KB

112KB->200KB 空闲分区88KB

426KB->600KB 空闲分区174KB

worst-fit:

212KB->600KB 空闲分区388KB

417KB->500KB 空闲分区83KB

112KB->388KB 388空闲分区变为276KB

426KB等待

综上，best-fit对内存利用最高效，因为只有best-fit使得所有进程得以运行

问题三：Consider a paging system with the page table stored in memory.

a. If a memory reference takes 200 nanoseconds, how long does a paged memory reference take?

b. If we add TLBs, and 75 percent of all page-table reference are found in the TLBs, what is the effective memory reference time?(Assume that finding a page-table entry in the TLBs takes zero time, if the entry is there)

答:

a:

每一次的数据/指令存取需要两次内存存取，一次是存取页表，一次是存取数据,所以一次分页内存引用需要时间为：$200ns\times 2=400ns$

b:

如果引入TLBs，有效内存引用时间为：$200ns\times 2\times 25\%+200ns\times 75\%=250ns$

问题四：Consider the following segment table:

Segment	Base	Length
0	219	600
1	2300	14
2	90	100
3	1327	580
4	1952	96

What are the physical addresses for the following logical addresses?

​ a. 0,430

​ b. 1,10

​ c. 2,500

​ d. 3,400

​ e. 4,112

**a:**219+430=649

b:2300+10=2310

c:500>100越界错误

d:1327+400=1727

**e:**112>96越界错误