Android从驱动到应用(3)_添加HAl层

前面我们已经添加了驱动层的代码，接下来添加下HAL层的代码。
先看下HAL层模块结构体的定义规范。
hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/hardware.h
struct hw_module_t

/**
 * Every hardware module must have a data structure named HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM
 * and the fields of this data structure must begin with hw_module_t
 * followed by module specific information.
 */
typedef struct hw_module_t {
    /** tag must be initialized to HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG */
    uint32_t tag;

    /**
     * The API version of the implemented module. The module owner is
     * responsible for updating the version when a module interface has
     * changed.
     *
     * The derived modules such as gralloc and audio own and manage this field.
     * The module user must interpret the version field to decide whether or
     * not to inter-operate with the supplied module implementation.
     * For example, SurfaceFlinger is responsible for making sure that
     * it knows how to manage different versions of the gralloc-module API,
     * and AudioFlinger must know how to do the same for audio-module API.
     *
     * The module API version should include a major and a minor component.
     * For example, version 1.0 could be represented as 0x0100. This format
     * implies that versions 0x0100-0x01ff are all API-compatible.
     *
     * In the future, libhardware will expose a hw_get_module_version()
     * (or equivalent) function that will take minimum/maximum supported
     * versions as arguments and would be able to reject modules with
     * versions outside of the supplied range.
     */
    uint16_t module_api_version;
#define version_major module_api_version
    /**
     * version_major/version_minor defines are supplied here for temporary
     * source code compatibility. They will be removed in the next version.
     * ALL clients must convert to the new version format.
     */

    /**
     * The API version of the HAL module interface. This is meant to
     * version the hw_module_t, hw_module_methods_t, and hw_device_t
     * structures and definitions.
     *
     * The HAL interface owns this field. Module users/implementations
     * must NOT rely on this value for version information.
     *
     * Presently, 0 is the only valid value.
     */
    uint16_t hal_api_version;
#define version_minor hal_api_version

    /** Identifier of module */
    const char *id;

    /** Name of this module */
    const char *name;

    /** Author/owner/implementor of the module */
    const char *author;

    /** Modules methods */
    struct hw_module_methods_t* methods;

    /** module's dso */
    void* dso;

#ifdef __LP64__
    uint64_t reserved[32-7];
#else
    /** padding to 128 bytes, reserved for future use */
    uint32_t reserved[32-7];
#endif

} hw_module_t;

注意几点：
1)、/**

• Every hardware module must have a data structure named HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM
• and the fields of this data structure must begin with hw_module_t
• followed by module specific information.
  */
  每个模块必须自定义一个硬件抽象层模块结构体，而且第一个成员变量必须是hw_module_t
  每个模块都必须存在一个导出符号HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM
  #define HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM HMI

2)、 /** tag must be initialized to HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG */
#define HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG MAKE_TAG_CONSTANT(‘H’, ‘W’, ‘M’, ‘T’)
用来标志这是一个硬件抽象层模块结构体

3)、/** module’s dso */
成员变量dso用来保存加载硬件抽象层模块后得到的句柄值。

4)、 /** Modules methods */
成员变量methods 定义了硬件抽象层模块的操作方法列表，类型为hw_module_methods_t

hw_module_methods_t

typedef struct hw_module_methods_t {
    /** Open a specific device */
    int (*open)(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* id,
            struct hw_device_t** device);

} hw_module_methods_t;

struct hw_device_t

/**
 * Every device data structure must begin with hw_device_t
 * followed by module specific public methods and attributes.
 */
typedef struct hw_device_t {
    /** tag must be initialized to HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG  */
    //#define HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG MAKE_TAG_CONSTANT('H', 'W', 'D', 'T'),标志这是一个硬件抽象层中的硬件设备结构体。
    uint32_t tag;

    /**
     * Version of the module-specific device API. This value is used by
     * the derived-module user to manage different device implementations.
     *
     * The module user is responsible for checking the module_api_version
     * and device version fields to ensure that the user is capable of
     * communicating with the specific module implementation.
     *
     * One module can support multiple devices with different versions. This
     * can be useful when a device interface changes in an incompatible way
     * but it is still necessary to support older implementations at the same
     * time. One such example is the Camera 2.0 API.
     *
     * This field is interpreted by the module user and is ignored by the
     * HAL interface itself.
     */
    uint32_t version;

    /** reference to the module this device belongs to */
    struct hw_module_t* module;

    /** padding reserved for future use */
#ifdef __LP64__
    uint64_t reserved[12];
#else
    uint32_t reserved[12];
#endif

    /** Close this device */
    int (*close)(struct hw_device_t* device);

} hw_device_t;

接下来我们来编写硬件抽象层的接口
HAl层目录结构：

hardware
----libhardware/include/hardware/demo.h
----libhardware/modules/demo
|—demo.cpp
|—Android.mk
demo.h: 按照android对HAL层规范的要求，分别定义模块ID、模块结构体以及硬件接口结构体.

#ifndef ANDROID_INCLUDE_DEMO_H
#define ANDROID_INCLUDE_DEMO_H

#include <hardware/hardware.h>
__BEGIN_DECLS

/**
 * The id of this module
 */
#define DEMO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID "demo"

/**
 * The id of this device
 */
#define DEMO_HARDWARE_DEVICE_ID "demo"

struct demo_module_t {
        struct hw_module_t common;
};

struct demo_device_t {
        struct hw_device_t common;
        int fd;
        int (*set_val)(struct demo_device_t* dev, int val);
        int (*get_val)(struct demo_device_t* dev, int* val);
};

__END_DECLS

#endif 

demo.cpp

#define LOG_TAG "demoHALStub"

#include <hardware/hardware.h>
#include <hardware/demo.h>

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <cutils/log.h>
#include <cutils/atomic.h>

#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <hardware/hardware.h>
#include <system/audio.h>
#include <hardware/audio.h>



#define DEVICE_NAME "/dev/demo"
#define MODULE_NAME "Demo"
#define MODULE_AUTHOR "shyluo@gmail.com"

static int demo_device_open(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* id, struct hw_device_t** device);
static int demo_device_close(struct hw_device_t* device);
static int demo_set_val(struct demo_device_t* dev, int val);
static int demo_get_val(struct demo_device_t* dev, int* val);

static struct hw_module_methods_t demo_module_methods = {
        open: demo_device_open
};

struct demo_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
        common: {
                tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
                version_major: 1,
                version_minor: 0,
                id: DEMO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
                name: MODULE_NAME,
                author: MODULE_AUTHOR,
                methods: &demo_module_methods,
        }
};

static int demo_device_open(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* id, struct hw_device_t** device) {
        if(!strcmp(id, DEMO_HARDWARE_DEVICE_ID)) {
                struct demo_device_t* dev;

                dev = (struct demo_device_t*)malloc(sizeof(struct demo_device_t));
                if(!dev) {
                        ALOGE("Failed to alloc space for demo_device_t.");
                        return -EFAULT;
                }

                memset(dev, 0, sizeof(struct demo_device_t));

                dev->common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
                dev->common.version = 0;
                dev->common.module = (hw_module_t*)module;
                dev->common.close = demo_device_close;
                dev->set_val = demo_set_val;
                dev->get_val = demo_get_val;

                if((dev->fd = open(DEVICE_NAME, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
                        ALOGE("Failed to open device file /dev/demo -- %s.", strerror(errno));
                        free(dev);
                        return -EFAULT;
                }

                *device = &(dev->common);

                ALOGI("Open device file /dev/demo successfully.");

                return 0;
        }

        return -EFAULT;
}

static int demo_device_close(struct hw_device_t* device) {
        struct demo_device_t* demo_device = (struct demo_device_t*)device;
        if(demo_device) {
                close(demo_device->fd);
                free(demo_device);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int demo_set_val(struct demo_device_t* dev, int val) {
        if(!dev) {
                ALOGE("Null dev pointer.");
                return -EFAULT;
        }

        ALOGI("Set value %d to device file /dev/demo.", val);
        write(dev->fd, &val, sizeof(val));

        return 0;
}

static int demo_get_val(struct demo_device_t* dev, int* val) {
        if(!dev) {
                ALOGE("Null dev pointer.");
                return -EFAULT;
        }

        if(!val) {
                ALOGE("Null val pointer.");
                return -EFAULT;
        }

        read(dev->fd, val, sizeof(*val));

        ALOGI("Get value %d from device file /dev/demo.", *val);

        return 0;
}

Android.mk

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

# HAL module implemenation stored in
# hw/<OVERLAY_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID>.<ro.product.board>.so
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
LOCAL_PRELINK_MODULE := false
LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES)/hw
LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := demo.cpp
LOCAL_MODULE := demo.default
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

编译

mmm hardware/libhardware/modules/demo/

之后会在out/target/product/generic/system/lib/hw目录下看到demo.default.so文件.
打包system image :

make snod

HAL层书写完毕