linux学习第20天作业带答案

1、显示/etc目录下，以非字母开头，后面跟了一个字母以及其它任意长度任意字符的文件或目录
[root@CentOS8 ~]#find /etc -name “[¹][[:alpha:]]*”
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bash_profile
/etc/skel/.bashrc
/etc/cron.hourly/0anacron
/etc/cron.d/0hourly
/etc/selinux/targeted/.policy.sha512
/etc/.pwd.lock
/etc/.updated

2、复制/etc下所有以p开头，以非数字结尾的文件或目录到/tmp/mytest1目录
[root@CentOS8 ~]#mkdir /tmp/mytest1
[root@CentOS8 ~]#find /etc -name “p*[^0-9]” ( -type d -o -type f )| xargs -i cp -r {} /tmp/mytest1

3、将/etc/issue中的内容转换为大写后保存至/tmp/issue.out文件中
[root@yum-server test2]#cat /etc/issue
\S
Kernel \r on an \m

[root@yum-server test2]#cat /etc/issue | tr ‘a-z’ ‘A-Z’ >/tmp/issue.out
[root@yum-server test2]#cat /tmp/issue.out
\S
KERNEL \R ON AN \M

[root@yum-server test2]#

4、请总结描述用户和组管理类命令的使用方法并完成以下练习：
(1) 创建组distro，其GID为2019
[root@yum-server ~]#groupadd -g 2019 distro
(2) 创建用户mandriva，其ID号为1005；基本组为distro；
[root@yum-server ~]#useradd -u 1005 -g distro mandriva
[root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd mandriva
mandriva❌1005:2019::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash
[root@yum-server ~]#id mandriva
uid=1005(mandriva) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro)
(3) 创建用户mageia，其ID号为1100，家目录为/home/linux；
[root@yum-server ~]#useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia
[root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd mageia
mageia❌1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
[root@yum-server ~]#id mageia
uid=1100(mageia) gid=1100(mageia) groups=1100(mageia)
(4) 给用户mageia添加密码，密码为mageedu，并设置用户密码7天后过期
[root@yum-server ~]#echo “mageedu”|passwd -x 7 --stdin mageia
Adjusting aging data for user mageia.
passwd: Success
[root@yum-server ~]#chage -l mageia
Last password change : Dec 14, 2020
Password expires : Dec 21, 2020
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 7
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
[root@yum-server ~]#getent shadow mageia
mageia:!!:18610:0:7:7:::
(5) 删除mandriva，但保留其家目录
[root@yum-server ~]#ll /home
total 0
drwx------ 2 mageia mageia 62 Dec 14 10:57 linux
drwx------. 2 lirui lirui 62 Nov 29 23:02 lirui
drwx------ 2 mandriva distro 62 Dec 14 10:55 mandriva
[root@yum-server ~]#userdel mandriva
[root@yum-server ~]#ll /home
total 0
drwx------ 2 mageia mageia 62 Dec 14 10:57 linux
drwx------. 2 lirui lirui 62 Nov 29 23:02 lirui
drwx------ 2 1005 distro 62 Dec 14 10:55 mandriva
[root@yum-server ~]#id mandriva
id: mandriva: no such user
(6) 创建用户slackware，其ID号为2002，基本组为distro，附加组peguin;
[root@yum-server ~]#useradd -u 2002 -g distro -G peguin slackware
[root@yum-server ~]#id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin)
(7) 修改slackware的默认shell为/bin/tcsh；
[root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd slackware
slackware❌2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/bash
[root@yum-server ~]#usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware
[root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd slackware
slackware❌2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
(8) 为用户slackware新增附加组admins，并设置不可登录；
[root@yum-server ~]#id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin)
[root@yum-server ~]#getent group admins || groupadd admins;usermod -aG admins -s /sbin/nologin slackware
[root@yum-server ~]#id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin),2021(admins)

5、创建用户user1、user2、user3，在/data下创建目录/test
(1) 目录/data/test属主、属组为user1
[root@yum-server ~]#echo user{1…3}|xargs -n1 useradd
[root@yum-server ~]#mkdir -p /data/test
mkdir -p /data/test
chown -R user1:user1 test
(2) 在目录属主、属组不变的情况下，user2对目录有读写权限
[root@yum-server ~]setfacl -m u:user2:rw- /data/test
[root@yum-server ~]#getfacl /data/test
getfacl: Removing leading ‘/’ from absolute path names
file: data/test
owner: user1
group: user1
user::rwx
user:user2:rw-
group::r-x
mask::rwx
other::r-x
(3) user1在/data/test目录下创建文件a1.sh，a2.sh，a3.sh，a4.sh，设置所有用户都不可删除1.sh、2.sh文件，除了user1及root外，所有用户都不可删除a3.sh、a4.sh
[root@yum-server data]#su user1
[user1@yum-server data]$cdtest[user1@yum-servertest]$touch a{1…4}.sh
[user1@yum-server test]$ll
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a1.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a2.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a3.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a4.sh
[root@yum-server test]#chattr +i a1.sh a2.s
[root@yum-server test]#lsattr
----i----------- a1.sh
----i----------- a2.sh
---------------- a3.sh
---------------- a4.sh
[root@yum-server data]#chmod o+t test
[root@yum-server data]#ll -d test
drwxrwxr-t+ 2 user1 user1 58 Dec 14 12:23 test
(4) user3增加附加组user1，同时要求user1不能访问/data/test目录及其下所有文件
[root@yum-server test]#id user3
uid=2005(user3) gid=2005(user3) groups=2005(user3)
[root@yum-server test]#usermod -aG user1 user3
[root@yum-server test]#id user3
uid=2005(user3) gid=2005(user3) groups=2005(user3),2003(user1)
[root@yum-server data]#setfacl -m u:user1:- /data/test
[root@yum-server data]#getfacl /data/test
getfacl: Removing leading ‘/’ from absolute path names
file: data/test
owner: user1
group: user1
flags: --t
user::rwx
user:user1:—
user:user2:rw-
group::r-x
mask::rwx
other::r-x
(5) 清理/data/test目录及其下所有文件的权限
[root@yum-server data]#setfacl -b /data/test*

---

1. :alpha: ↩︎