笨办法学python3 LPTHW系列Exercise21-25

Exercise 21. Functions Can Return Something

这一节也很简单， 只讲了函数的返回值，示例：

def add(a, b):
    print(f"ADDING {a} + {b}")
    return a + b

def subtract(a, b):
    print(f"SUBTRACTING {a} - {b}")
    return a - b

def multiply(a, b):
    print(f"MULTIPLYING {a} * {b}")
    return a * b

def divide(a, b):
    print(f"DIVIDING {a} / {b}")
    return a / b


print("Let's do some math with just functions!")

age = add(30, 5)
height = subtract(78, 4)
weight = multiply(90, 2)
iq = divide(100, 2)

print(f"Age: {age}, Height: {height}, Weight: {weight}, IQ: {iq}")


# A puzzle for the extra credit, type it in anyway.
print("Here is a puzzle.")

what = add(age, subtract(height, multiply(weight, divide(iq, 2))))

print("That becomes: ", what, "Can you do it by hand?")

Exercise 22. What Do You Know So Far?

这一节是让大家复习一下学过的各种符号，这里不再赘述了。

Exercise 23. Strings, Bytes, and Character Encodings

这一节比较复杂，讲了编码和解码，一定要记住string是要encode，而bytes是要decode，但是power shell有乱码不知道怎么处理，示例：

import sys
script, encoding, error = sys.argv


def main(language_file, encoding, errors):
    line = language_file.readline()

    if line:
        print_line(line, encoding, errors)
        return main(language_file, encoding, errors)


def print_line(line, encoding, errors):
    next_lang = line.strip()# 掐头去尾，将空格和tab等头尾字符去掉，包括\r,\t,\n等
    raw_bytes = next_lang.encode(encoding, errors = errors)
    cooked_string = raw_bytes.decode(encoding, errors = errors)

    print(raw_bytes, "<===>", cooked_string)


languages = open("languages.txt", encoding = "utf-8")

main(languages, encoding, error)

Exercise 24. More Practice

这一节作者带我们回顾了以前学过的python基础知识，不再赘述

print("Let's practice everything.")
print('You\'d need to know \'bout escape with \\ that do:')
print('\n newlines and \t tabs.')

poem = """
\tThe lovely world
with logic so firmly planted
cannot discern \n the needs of love
nor comprehend passion from intuition
and requires an explanation
\n\t\twhere there is none.
"""

print("--------------")
print(poem)
print("--------------")


five = 10 - 2 + 3 - 6
print(f"This should be five : {five}")

def secret_formula(started):
    jelly_beans = started * 500
    jars = jelly_beans / 1000
    crates = jars / 100
    return jelly_beans, jars, crates


start_point = 10000
beans, jars , crates = secret_formula(start_point)

# remeber that this is another way to format a string
print("With a starting point of: {}".format(start_point))
# it's just like with an f"" cooked_string
print(f"We'd have {beans} beans, {jars} jars, and {crates} crates.")

start_point = start_point / 10

print("We can also do that this way:")
formula = secret_formula(start_point)
# this is an easy way to apply a list to a format string
print("We'd have {} beans, {} jars, and {} crates.".format(*formula))

Exercise 25. Even More Practice

这一节主要讲怎么自己写包，其实就是写一个python文件，里面只有函数，示例：

def break_words(stuff):
    """This function will break up words for us.分词函数"""
    words = stuff.split(' ')
    return words

def sort_words(words):
    """Sorts the words.排序函数"""
    return sorted(words)

def print_first_word(words):
    """Prints the first word after poping it off.去掉首项，并打印首项"""
    word = words.pop(0)
    print(word)

def print_last_word(words):
    """Prints the last word after poping it off.去掉末项，并打印末项"""
    word = words.pop(-1)
    print(word)

def sort_sentence(sentence):
    """Takes in a full sentence and returns the sorted words.将句子分词，然后将词的列表排序作为返回值"""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    return sort_words(words)

def print_first_and_last(sentence):
    """Prints the first and last words of the sentence.分词，并打印首项和末项"""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)

def print_first_and_last_sorted(sentence):
    """Sorts the words then prints the first and last one.分词排序并打印首项和末项"""
    words = sort_sentence(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)

然后打开交互式的python环境，使用import 文件名即可导入该文件。
但是每次运行其中的函数时都需要使用文件名.函数名的格式，比较繁琐；有一种快捷的方法就是，直接from ex25 import *导入所有的函数即可，这样就可以直接使用函数名来调用了。
注意：help（文件名）可以得到其帮助文档，也就是“”“之间的注释

基础部分完成啦！！！