“径向综合总偏差与一齿径向综合偏差测量”数据处理

      下午做互换性与技术测量的实验“径向综合总偏差与一齿径向综合偏差测量”，这两个误差是通过测量两个齿轮啮合传动时中心距的变化评价的。实验中采用双面啮合仪测量数据，下面对采集到的数据利用Matlab处理.

      已知数据：等角度测量齿轮回转一周时双啮中心距变动误差（单位：μm）共840个数据点。径向综合总偏差体现在数据点中最大点与最小点的偏差值；一齿径向综合偏差体现在所有小组（28个数据点为一小组）中最大点与最小点偏差值的最大值。

      公式表达为：

                          

其中x为各测量点的误差值，Fi''和fi''分别表示径向综合总偏差与一齿径向综合偏差（单位：μm）。

      表达公式只是为了编程方面，读者不必为此感到无趣。为了方便没有互换性基础的朋友们阅读，下面的叙述中削弱了测量术语和专业名词的解释，重点展示了算法的思想以及实现的代码。

      ①读取数据并绘制偏差曲线

      将获得数据保存为.txt文件并存储到工作路径后，通过下列代码读取数据并绘图。

data=load('data.txt');
x=data(:,1);
plot(x),xlabel('角度/°');ylabel('中心距变动量/μm')
axis([0 840 -300 100]);
set(gca,'XTick',0:56:840);
set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'0','24','48','72','96','120','144','168','192','216','240','264','288','312','336','360'});

    axis规定了x、y坐标的极限坐标值，由于测得数据共840个，直接画出图像的话横坐标（测量点）的坐标值为0-839，需要将其标定到0-360°范围内，采用下列语句实现：

set(gca,'xtick',xtick,'xticklabel',xticklabel);

      其中gca是Get Current Axis的首字母，xtick表示显示刻度的位置，xticklabel表示需要显示的内容。

      ②求取径向综合总偏差

      这项偏差的求取实质上是寻找数据中的最大值与最小值，所求偏差即为其极差（最大值与最小值之差），调用matlab函数即可；若a为所求径向综合总偏差：

a=max(data)-min(data)

      ②求取一齿径向综合偏差

      这项偏差的求取实质上是对数据先进行分组，在每个组中求出极差，再求出极差的最大值。将数据按顺序分成30各组，调用matlab函数即可；若b为所求一齿径向综合偏差：

number=length(data); 
N=30;%分组数
c=floor(number/N);%每组数据数
A=zeros(c,N);
B=zeros(1,N);%存储每一组的极差
for k=1:N
A(:,k)=data((k-1)*c+1:k*c);
end
for m=1:N
B(m)=max(A(:,m))-min(A(:,m));
end
b=max(B)

      后记：这是作者的第一篇CSDN博客，内容非常简单，主要涉及Matlab中数据的分组和最值的查找。这篇文章的灵感来源于互换性与技术测量实验。之后作者会不定期发表学习思考中对一些问题的感悟以及一些经典的算法复现；希望读者能够与作者一同进步，也欢迎读者与作者共享生活中遇到的一些问题和学习中遇到的困难。

附录：实验数据

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