关于torch.nn.functional.softmax中的维度问题

softmax函数的公式如下：

Softmax($x_i$)=$\frac{exp(x_i)}{{\sum }_{j}exp(x_j)}$

在pytorch中导入softmax函数的如下：

import torch.nn.functional as F
F.softmax()

在深度学习中，我们一般要对图像(三维(C, W, H)或四维(N, C, Ｗ, H))的分类层做作用于softmax函数．
pytorch中如果input＝3维数据，则默认维度为0, 如果input＝４维数据，则默认维度为1,但是一般情况下还是最好自己加上维度，如：output = softmax(input, dim=1)

import torch　as t
input = t.randn(2,3,3)
print(input):
tensor([[[-0.5103, -0.1621, -0.1131],
         [ 0.4883, -0.7009, -0.8431],
         [-1.5509, -1.4812, -0.9600]],

        [[ 1.6368,  0.8301, -0.6083],
         [-0.4552, -0.0908,  1.8140],
         [ 0.5065,  0.5957,  0.1602]]])
         
output = F.softmax(input)
print(output):
tensor([[[0.1046, 0.2705, 0.6213],
         [0.7198, 0.3520, 0.0656],
         [0.1133, 0.1114, 0.2460]],

        [[0.8954, 0.7295, 0.3787],
         [0.2802, 0.6480, 0.9344],
         [0.8867, 0.8886, 0.7540]]])
         
output = F.softmax(input, dim=0)
print(output):
tensor([[[0.1046, 0.2705, 0.6213],
         [0.7198, 0.3520, 0.0656],
         [0.1133, 0.1114, 0.2460]],

        [[0.8954, 0.7295, 0.3787],
         [0.2802, 0.6480, 0.9344],
         [0.8867, 0.8886, 0.7540]]])
#可见对于三维数据，默认softmax在零维

#现在尝试四位数据
input = t.randn(2,3,2,2)
print(input):
tensor([[[[-0.1269, -0.0440],
          [-0.1551,  0.0342]],

         [[-0.7264, -0.4489],
          [ 0.4556, -1.1491]],

         [[-1.0470,  0.4808],
          [ 1.7501,  0.8382]]],


        [[[-0.1387,  0.7927],
          [ 0.2578, -0.8865]],

         [[ 0.5880,  1.1675],
          [-0.7048,  0.2471]],

         [[ 0.0237, -0.9734],
          [-0.6788,  1.6315]]]])

output = F.softmax(input)
print(output):
tensor([[[[0.5135, 0.2979],
          [0.1046, 0.2824]],

         [[0.2819, 0.1987],
          [0.1926, 0.0865]],

         [[0.2046, 0.5034],
          [0.7028, 0.6311]]],


        [[[0.2356, 0.3809],
          [0.5637, 0.0606]],

         [[0.4873, 0.5540],
          [0.2153, 0.1882]],

         [[0.2772, 0.0651],
          [0.2210, 0.7513]]]])

output = F.softmax(input, dim=1)
print(output):
tensor([[[[0.5135, 0.2979],
          [0.1046, 0.2824]],

         [[0.2819, 0.1987],
          [0.1926, 0.0865]],

         [[0.2046, 0.5034],
          [0.7028, 0.6311]]],


        [[[0.2356, 0.3809],
          [0.5637, 0.0606]],

         [[0.4873, 0.5540],
          [0.2153, 0.1882]],

         [[0.2772, 0.0651],
          [0.2210, 0.7513]]]])