（4）HashMap总结

1.概念

基于哈希表的 Map 接口的实现。此实现提供所有可选的映射操作，并允许使用 null 值和 null 键。（除了不同步和允许使用 null 之外，HashMap 类与 Hashtable 大致相同。）此类不保证映射的顺序，特别是它不保证该顺序恒久不变。另外，HashMap是非线程安全的，也就是说在多线程的环境下，可能会存在问题，而Hashtable是线程安全的。

public class HashMap<
K,V>
    extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable

2.构造方法

默认大小：

static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4;

默认加载因子：

static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;

有参：传入大小以及加载因子

    public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                               loadFactor);

        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        threshold = initialCapacity;
        init();
    }

有参：只传入大小，加载因子为默认值

    public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }

无参：大小以及加载因子均为默认值

    public HashMap() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }

有参：map

    public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
                      DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
        inflateTable(threshold);

        putAllForCreate(m);
    }

3.hash方法

求hash值：

    final int hash(Object k) {
        int h = hashSeed;
        if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
            return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
        }

        h ^= k.hashCode();

        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
    }

4. get方法

通过键值获得值

    public V get(Object key) {
        if (key == null)
            return getForNullKey();
        Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key);

        return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
    }

5. getForNullKey方法

键值为null获得的值

    private V getForNullKey() {
        if (size == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (e.key == null)
                return e.value;
        }
        return null;
    }

6.containsKey

判断某一键值是否以及存在

    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        return getEntry(key) != null;
    }

7.getEntry方法

通过键值获取值

    final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
        if (size == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
             e != null;
             e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                return e;
        }
        return null;
    }

8.put方法

插入一组键值对

    public V put(K key, V value) {
        if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
            inflateTable(threshold);
        }
        if (key == null)
            return putForNullKey(value);
        int hash = hash(key);
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

        modCount++;
        addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
        return null;
    }

9.扩容resize方法

    void resize(int newCapacity) {
        Entry[] oldTable = table;
        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
        if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return;
        }

        Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
        transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));
        table = newTable;
        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
    }

10.remove方法

通过键值删除一个值

    public V remove(Object key) {
        Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
        return (e == null ? null : e.value);
    }