ElasticSearch常用查询

Elasticsearch

一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器，分布式、高扩展、高实时，能对大量数据搜索、分析和探索。实现原理主要分为以下几个步骤，首先用户将数据提交到Elastic Search 数据库中，再通过分词控制器去将对应的语句分词，将其权重和分词结果一并存入数据，当用户搜索数据时候，再根据权重将结果排名，打分，再将返回结果呈现给用户。

可以使用 Kibana 来搜索，查看存储在 Elasticsearch 索引中的数据并与之交互。

注：term查询时，查询内容不分词，直接进行匹配。match查询要分词后匹配。eg：content内容为”北京有天安门“，现将”北京天安门“与content进行匹配查询，term查询过程中将直接用北京天安门进行匹配，返回结果为空；match匹配将”北京“和”天安门“与content进行匹配，结果不为空。

具体事例

启动elasticSearch、启动kibana，端口访问。

以下事例包括-----创建索引库、创建测试数据、term查询、match查询、match_phrase查询、match_phrase_prefix查询、多字段匹配、range查询、前缀查询、模糊查询、value查询、多ID查询、组合过滤、高亮以及多字段高亮。

创建索引库

PUT /my_search
{
  "mappings": {
    "article":{
      "properties": {
        "content":{
          "type": "text"
        },
        "email":{
          "type": "keyword"
        },
        "pub_time":{
          "type": "date"
        },
        "title":{
          "type": "text"
        },
        "type":{
          "type": "keyword"
        },
        "words":{
          "type": "long"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

创建测试数据

POST /my_search/article/1
{
  "title":"hello word!",
  "content":"hello 你好，世界！",
  "email":"test@163.com",
  "words":1000,
  "pub_time":"2019-09-24",
  "type":"IT"
  
}
POST /my_search/article/2
{
  "title":"2号测试",
  "content":"我爱中华人民共和国",
  "email":"test2@163.com",
  "words":5000,
  "pub_time":"2019-10-24",
  "type":"人文"
  
}

term查询、精确匹配

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "type": "人文"
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/2

match查询、分词

 

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "content": {
        "query": "世界啊",
        "operator": "or"
      }
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1

match_phrase查询、词项顺序需一致

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "content": "hello你好"
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "content": "你好hello"
    }
  }
}

词项顺序替换后，结果为空

 match_phrase_prefix查询，最后一个词项、前缀匹配

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "content": "中华 人民"
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/2

多字段匹配

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "你好",
      "fields": ["title", "content"]
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1

多条件精确匹配

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "type": [
        "IT",
        "人文"
      ]
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1和my_search/article/2

 range查询（gt 大于   gte大于等于  lt小于  lte小于等于）

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "words": {
        "gt": 1000,
        "lte": 5000
      }
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/2

range查询日期

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "pub_time": {
        "gte": "2019-9-24",
        "lte": "2019-9-25",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd"
      }
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1

前缀查询

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "prefix": {
      "title": "hello"
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1

模糊查询

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "title":"helo"
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1

value查询

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "type":{
      "value":"article"
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1和my_search/article/2

多ID查询

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "ids":{
      "type":"article",
      "values": ["1", "2"]
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1和my_search/article/2

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "ids":{
      "type":"article",
      "values": ["1", "3"]
    }
  }
}

 

结果为my_search/article/1

组合过滤

must：全部为真则为真；should：至少一个为真则为真；must_not：全部为假则为真。

minimum_should_match：指定should条件中至少几个为真，默认为1。

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "minimum_should_match": 1,
      "must": [
        {"match": {
          "title": "hello"
        }}
      ],
      "should": [
        {"match": {
          "title": "AA"
        }},
        {"match":{
          "title":"hello"
        }
        }
      ],
      "must_not": [
        {"range": {
          "words": {
            "gte": 10000
           
          }
        }}
      ]
    }
  }
}

结果为my_search/article/1

高亮

eg：将标题中含“hello”的字段高亮展示

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "hello"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "title": {
        "pre_tags":["<strong>"],
        "post_tags":["</strong"]
      }
    }
  }
}

结果

 多字段查询

require_field_match设置为false，搜索title时，同时content也高亮。

GET my_search/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "hello"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "require_field_match":false,
    "fields": {
      "title": {},
      "content": {}
    }
  }
}

结果

 排序

GET my_search/_search
{
  "sort": [
    {
      "_score": {
        "order": "asc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

结果

 

GET my_search/_search
{
  "sort": [
    {
      "pub_time": {
        "order": "asc"
      }
    },
    {
      "words": {
        "order": "asc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

结果