应用软件shell启动脚本编写的基本套路，以elasticsearch为例

#!/bin/bash
# 脚本说明，功能及参数等
# CONTROLLING STARTUP:
#
# This script relies on a few environment variables to determine startup
# behavior, those variables are:
#
#   ES_PATH_CONF -- Path to config directory
#   ES_JAVA_OPTS -- External Java Opts on top of the defaults set
#
# Optionally, exact memory values can be set using the `ES_JAVA_OPTS`. Note that
# the Xms and Xmx lines in the JVM options file must be commented out. Example
# values are "512m", and "10g".
#
#   ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms8g -Xmx8g" ./bin/elasticsearch
#  加载另一个脚本，初始一些变量如配置文件，Java命令目录，创建临时目录等
source "`dirname "$0"`"/elasticsearch-env

ES_JVM_OPTIONS="$ES_PATH_CONF"/jvm.options
# 使用Java -cp命令执行JvmOptionParserJVM选项解析器解析jvm.options配置的jvm配置文件
JVM_OPTIONS=`"$JAVA" -cp "$ES_CLASSPATH" org.elasticsearch.tools.launchers.JvmOptionsParser "$ES_JVM_OPTIONS"`
ES_JAVA_OPTS="${JVM_OPTIONS//\$\{ES_TMPDIR\}/$ES_TMPDIR} $ES_JAVA_OPTS"
# 进入启动目录
cd "$ES_HOME"
# manual parsing to find out, if process should be detached
# 判断启动参数（这里是-d后台启动参数，其实就是命令后加 $）执行不同操作，使用Java cp命令指定jvm及其它参数启动main方法的类
if ! echo $* | grep -E '(^-d |-d$| -d |--daemonize$|--daemonize )' > /dev/null; then
# 正式启动 exec之后，当前shell的pid就没有了，被exec的命令所替代
  exec \
    "$JAVA" \
    $ES_JAVA_OPTS \-Des.path.home="$ES_HOME" \
    -Des.path.conf="$ES_PATH_CONF" \
    -cp "$ES_CLASSPATH" \
    org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch \
    "$@"
else
  exec \
    "$JAVA" \
    $ES_JAVA_OPTS \
    -Des.path.home="$ES_HOME" \
    -Des.path.conf="$ES_PATH_CONF" \
    -cp "$ES_CLASSPATH" \
    org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch \
    "$@" \
    <&- &
  retval=$?
  pid=$!
# 判断启动是否成功，启动返回0 则继续执行“||”或后面的exit $retval即一般是exit 1
  [ $retval -eq 0 ] || exit $retval
# 如果配置启动sleep时间不为空则sleep一会
  if [ ! -z "$ES_STARTUP_SLEEP_TIME" ]; then
    sleep $ES_STARTUP_SLEEP_TIME
  fi
# 检测进程号不存在则exit1 
  if ! ps -p $pid > /dev/null ; then
    exit 1
  fi
  exit 0
fi
# 最外层if执行完，正常或异常退出
exit $?