Linux下Mysql定时自动备份

一、查看内存选择系统盘防止内存不足备份失败

[root@iZ7ns71hl9rkcwZ scripts]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        79G  6.2G   69G   9% /
devtmpfs         16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            16G  448K   16G   1% /run
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /run/user/0

二、创建文件存储目录

mkdir -p /data/mysqlbak/data
mkdir -p /data/mysqlbak/scripts
mkdir -p /data/mysqlbak/logs

三、创建自动备份脚本执行文件

cd /data/mysqlbak/scripts
vi backup.sh

#!/bin/bash

#备份目录
BACKUP_ROOT=/data/mysqlbak
BACKUP_FILEDIR=$BACKUP_ROOT/data

#当前日期
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)

######备份######

#查询所有数据库
#-uroot -p123456表示使用root账号执行命令，且root账号的密码为:123456
DATABASES=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases" | grep -Ev "Database|sys|information_schema|performance_schema|mysql")
#循环数据库进行备份
for db in $DATABASES
do
echo
echo ----------$BACKUP_FILEDIR/${db}_$DATE.sql.gz BEGIN----------
#-uroot -p123456表示使用root账号执行命令，且root账号的密码为:123456
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=utf8 -q --lock-all-tables --flush-logs -E -R --triggers -B ${db} | gzip > $BACKUP_FILEDIR/${db}_$DATE.sql.gz
echo ----------$BACKUP_FILEDIR/${db}_$DATE.sql.gz COMPLETE----------
echo
done

echo "done"

四、赋予脚本执行权限

chmod 777 backup.sh

五、将备份操作加入到定时任务中（每天凌晨2点执行）

crontab -e

00 2 * * * /data/mysqlbak/scripts/backup.sh > data/mysqlbak/logs/backup.log 2>&1

六、创建自动删除备份脚本文件（防止备份文件过大占用内存，7天删除一次）

vi backup_clean.sh

#!/bin/bash
echo ----------CLEAN BEGIN----------
find /data/mysqlbak/data -mtime +7 -name "*.gz" -exec rm -rf {} \;
echo ----------CLEAN COMPLETE----------

七、赋予删除脚本执行权限

chmod 777 backup_clean.sh

八、将删除操作加入到定时任务中（每天凌晨1点执行）

00 1 * * * /data/mysqlbak/scripts/backup_clean.sh > /data/mysqlbak/logs/backup_full_clean.log 2>&1

九、查看定时任务

crontab -l

查看结果：
[root@iZ7ns71hl9rkcwZ scripts]# crontab -l

00 2 * * * /data/mysqlbak/scripts/backup.sh > data/mysqlbak/logs/backup.log 2>&1

00 1 * * * /data/mysqlbak/scripts/backup_clean.sh > /data/mysqlbak/logs/backup_full_clean.log 2>&1

 十、验证脚本是否有效   出现以下结果表示没问题

[root@iZ7ns71hl9rkcwZ scripts]# ./backup.sh

----------/data/mysqlbak/data/base_resource_20201106.sql.gz BEGIN----------
----------/data/mysqlbak/data/base_resource_20201106.sql.gz COMPLETE----------


----------/data/mysqlbak/data/check_db_20201106.sql.gz BEGIN----------
----------/data/mysqlbak/data/check_db_20201106.sql.gz COMPLETE----------


----------/data/mysqlbak/data/equipment_db_20201106.sql.gz BEGIN----------
----------/data/mysqlbak/data/equipment_db_20201106.sql.gz COMPLETE----------


----------/data/mysqlbak/data/qualitycontrol_20201106.sql.gz BEGIN----------
----------/data/mysqlbak/data/qualitycontrol_20201106.sql.gz COMPLETE----------

done

十一、或者备份至另外一台服务器，避免数据库和脚本一起丢失

      1、首先服务器需要安装export，yum安装：

yum  install expect

      2、修改上面的脚本文件

#!/bin/bash

#备份目录
BACKUP_ROOT=/data/mysqlbak
BACKUP_FILEDIR=$BACKUP_ROOT/data

#当前日期
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)

######备份######

#查询所有数据库
#-uroot -p123456表示使用root账号执行命令，且root账号的密码为:123456
DATABASES=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases" | grep -Ev "Database|sys|information_schema|performance_schema|mysql")
#循环数据库进行备份
for db in $DATABASES
do
echo
echo ----------$BACKUP_FILEDIR/${db}_$DATE.sql.gz BEGIN----------
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=utf8 -q --lock-all-tables --flush-logs -E -R --triggers -B ${db} | gzip > $BACKUP_FILEDIR/${db}_$DATE.sql.gz
echo ----------$BACKUP_FILEDIR/${db}_$DATE.sql.gz COMPLETE----------
echo ----------scp 226  begin----------
expect -c "
    spawn scp -r /data/mysqlbak/data/${db}_$DATE.sql.gz root@xxx.xxx.xxx.226:/data/mysqlbak/data225/
    expect {
        \"*assword\" {set timeout 300; send \"此处是scp的密码\r\"; exp_continue;}
        \"yes/no\" {send \"yes\r\";}
    }
expect eof"
echo ----------scp 226  end----------
echo
done

echo "done"

或者源码安装，参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/operationhome/p/9154055.html

文献参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/blazeZzz/p/10881297.html