python数据分析学习篇（四）

Numpy

ndarray对象

创建数组

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
b[1,1]=10
print(a.shape)
print (b.shape)
print (a.dtype)
print (b)

tips:下标是从0开始的。

结构数组

import numpy as np
persontype = np.dtype({
    'names':['name', 'age', 'chinese', 'math', 'english'],
    'formats':['S32','i', 'i', 'i', 'f']})
peoples = np.array([("ZhangFei",32,75,100, 90),("GuanYu",24,85,96,88.5),
       ("ZhaoYun",28,85,92,96.5),("HuangZhong",29,65,85,100)],
    dtype=persontype)
ages = peoples[:]['age']
chineses = peoples[:]['chinese']
maths = peoples[:]['math']
englishs = peoples[:]['english']
print (np.mean(ages))
print (np.mean(chineses))
print (np.mean(maths))
print (np.mean(englishs))

ufunc运算

连续数组的创建

x1 = np.arange(1,11,2)
x2 = np.linspace(1,9,5)

算数运算

通过numpy可以进行自由地创建等差数组，同时进行加减乘除、求n次方和取余数。

# python2
x1 = np.arange(1,11,2)
x2 = np.linspace(1,9,5)
print np.add(x1, x2)
print np.subtract(x1, x2)
print np.multiply(x1, x2)
print np.divide(x1, x2)
print np.power(x1, x2)
print np.remainder(x1, x2)

统计函数

计算数组/矩阵中的最大值函数amax、最小值函数amin()

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
print np.amin(a)
print np.amin(a,0)
print np.amin(a,1)
print np.amax(a)
print np.amax(a,0)
print np.amax(a,1)

统计最大值与最小值之差 ptp()

a = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
print np.ptp(a)
print np.ptp(a,0)
print np.ptp(a,1)

统计数组的百分位数 percentile()

a = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
print np.percentile(a, 50)
print np.percentile(a, 50, axis=0)
print np.percentile(a, 50, axis=1)

统计数组中的中位数 median(）、平均数 mean()

a = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
#求中位数
print np.median(a)
print np.median(a, axis=0)
print np.median(a, axis=1)
#求平均数
print np.mean(a)
print np.mean(a, axis=0)
print np.mean(a, axis=1)

统计数组中的加权平均值 average()

a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
wts = np.array([1,2,3,4])
print np.average(a)
print np.average(a,weights=wts)

统计数组中的标准差 std()、方差var()

a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
print np.std(a)
print np.var(a)

numpy排序

a = np.array([[4,3,2],[2,4,1]])
print np.sort(a)
print np.sort(a, axis=None)
print np.sort(a, axis=0)  
print np.sort(a, axis=1)  

输出结果：

[[2 3 4]
 [1 2 4]]
[1 2 2 3 4 4]
[[2 3 1]
 [4 4 2]]
[[2 3 4]
 [1 2 4]]

总结