JavaSE（3）-IO流

I/O流概念

处理设备之间的数据传输
按照传输类型：字符流、字节流
字符流：读取文字字节数据后，不直接操作而是先查制定的编码表，获取对应的文字 =字节流+编码表

常用顶层父类

InputStream，OutputStream——字节流
Reader，Writer——字符流
——FileReader，FileWriter

字符流

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
	private static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator");
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String file = "IODemo.txt";
		//创建文件字符流对象，不能续写 直接覆盖或新建
		FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(file);
		//加上true，在原文件上续写或新建
//		FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(file,true);
		//.write：将数据写入到临时存储缓冲区中
		//写入字符串".."或者字符'..'
		fileWriter.write("123456");
		//写入换行-第一种:\r\n  -第二种:
		//fileWriter.write("\r\n");
		fileWriter.write(LINE_SEPARATOR);
		fileWriter.write("abcdef");
		//将数据写到目的地中
		fileWriter.flush();
		
		//关闭数据流
		fileWriter.close();
		//close后无法write
//		fileWriter.write("654321");
		
		FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file);
		//读取方式一 read();——每次读取都会准备到下一个字符
		/*int c=fileReader.read();
		while(c!=-1) {
			System.out.print((char)c);
			c=fileReader.read();
		}*/
		
		//读取方式二 read(char[]);——读取会转到下一堆字符
		/*char[] buf=new char[3];
		fileReader.read(buf);
		//打印与buf相同长的的字符
		System.out.println(new String(buf));
		fileReader.read(buf);
		System.out.println(new String(buf));
		fileReader.read(buf);
		System.out.println(new String(buf));
//		    结果:
//		 123
//		 456
//		        //回车实际上是\r\n,相当于两个字符
//		 a
		*/
		
		//全部显示：
		char[] buf=new char[10];
		int len = 0;
		while((len=fileReader.read(buf))!=-1) {
			System.out.print(new String(buf,0,len));
		}
		
		fileReader.close();
	}

}

实例：将C盘文件复制到其他盘来

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IOExample {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String fromfile = new String("C:/Users/yangxiao/Desktop/FROM.txt");
		String copyfile = new String("D:/eclipse-workspace//JavaSe/src/com/yyxx/day14/IODemo.txt");
		FileReader fr=new FileReader(fromfile);
		FileWriter fw=new FileWriter(copyfile);
		int ch = fr.read();
		while(ch!=-1) {
			fw.write(ch);
			ch=fr.read();
		}
		fr.close();
		fw.close();
	}
}

缓冲区

提高数据读写效率
如字符流一节中的读取方法二：char[] buf=new char[3];即为缓冲区

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.LineNumberInputStream;
import java.io.LineNumberReader;

public class IODemo2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String file = "IODemo.txt";
		FileWriter fw=new FileWriter(file);
		//创建输出缓冲区的缓冲字符输出流
		BufferedWriter bfw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
		bfw.write("123465798123456795123465798123456"
				+ "7951234657981234567951234657981234"
				+ "567951234657981234567951234657981234"
				+ "567951234657981234567951234657981234"
				+ "5679512346579812345679512346579812345"
				+ "67951234657981234567951234657981234567"
				+ "95\r\nqwertyuasdfghxc");
		bfw.newLine();//可以这样写入回车
		bfw.write("qwertyu");
		bfw.flush();
		bfw.close();
		
		FileReader fr=new FileReader(file);
		BufferedReader bfr = new BufferedReader(fr);
		//数据读取方式一：read()方法
		/*int ch;
		while((ch=bfr.read())!=-1) {
			System.out.print((char)ch);
		}*/
		
		//数据读取方式二：.readline()方法
		/*String line =null;
		while((line=bfr.readLine())!=null) {
			System.out.println(line);
		}
		bfr.close();*/
		
		//数据读取方式三：LineNumberReader类
		LineNumberReader lnr = new LineNumberReader(fr);
		String line = null;
		while((line=lnr.readLine())!=null) {
			System.out.println(lnr.getLineNumber()+" "+line);
		}
		
	}

}

字节流

基本操作与字符流类似
不仅可以操作字符，也可以操作图像、音频等

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo3 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String fromfile = "picture.jpg";
		String outfile = "D:/eclipse-workspace/JavaSe/src/com/yyxx/day14/picture.jpg";
		FileInputStream fis =new FileInputStream(fromfile);
		FileOutputStream fos =new FileOutputStream(outfile);
		int ch = 0;
		while ((ch=fis.read())!=-1) {
			System.out.print((char)ch);
			fos.write(ch);
		}
		fos.flush();
		fis.close();
		fos.close();
	}
}

键盘流

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;


public class IODemo4 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		InputStream input = System.in;
		int ch =0; //input.read();//阻塞式方法：等待输入数据		
		StringBuilder sBuilder=new StringBuilder();
		while ((ch=input.read())!=-1) {
			if(ch=='\r')
				continue;
			if(ch=='\n')
				break;
			else {
				sBuilder.append((char)ch);
			}
//			sBuilder.append((char)ch);
		}
		System.out.println(sBuilder);
		input.close();
	}
}

转换流

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

public class IODemo5 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		// 字节流
		InputStream in = System.in;
		// 字节流->转换字符流
		InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
		// 高效装饰
		BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(isr);

		// 字符流
		OutputStream out = System.out;
		// 字符流->转换字节流
		OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
		// 高效装饰
		BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter(osw);

		String line = null;

		while ((line = bufr.readLine()) != null) {
			if ("over".equals(line)) {
				break;
			}
			System.out.println(line);
			
			bufw.write("123456789");
			bufw.flush();
		}
	}
}