工厂方法模式中有4种角色:
抽象产品(Product)、具体产品(ConcreteProduct)、
构造者(Creator)、具体构造者(ConcreteCreator)
工厂方法模式的优点:
1.使用工厂方法可以让用户的代码和某个特定类的子类的代码解耦。
2.工厂方法使用户不必知道它使用的对象是怎么样被创建的,
只需知道该对象有哪些方法即可。
适合用工厂方法模式的情景:
1.用户需要一个类的子类的实例,但不希望和该类的子类形成耦合。
2.用户需要一个类的子类的实例,但用户不知道到该类有哪些子类可用
例一:
//抽象产品product
public abstract class PenCore {
//颜色
public String color;
//写字
public abstract void writeWord(String s);
}
//具体产品ConcreteProduct
public class BlackPenCore extends PenCore{
public BlackPenCore(){
color = "黑色";
}
@Override
public void writeWord(String s) {
System.out.println("写出了" +color+ "的字:" +s);
}
}
//具体产品ConcreteProduct
public class BluePenCore extends PenCore{
public BluePenCore(){
color = "蓝色";
}
@Override
public void writeWord(String s) {
System.out.println("写出了" +color+ "的字:" +s);
}
}
//具体产品ConcreteProduct
public class RedPenCore extends PenCore{
public RedPenCore(){
color = "红色";
}
@Override
public void writeWord(String s) {
System.out.println("写出了" +color+ "的字:" +s);
}
}
//构造者Creator
public abstract class PenCoreCreator {
public abstract PenCore getPencore();
}
//具体构造者 ConcreteCreator
public class RedPenCoreCreator extends PenCoreCreator{
//得到具体的红色笔芯实例
@Override
public PenCore getPencore() {
return new RedPenCore();
}
}
//具体构造者 ConcreteCreator
public class BluePenCoreCreator extends PenCoreCreator{
//得到具体的蓝色笔芯实例
@Override
public PenCore getPencore() {
return new BluePenCore();
}
}
//具体构造者 ConcreteCreator
public class BlackPenCoreCreator extends PenCoreCreator{
//得到具体的黑色笔芯实例
@Override
public PenCore getPencore() {
return new BlackPenCore();
}
}
//用户应用程序Application.java的圆珠笔(BallPen)使用工厂方法
//得到笔芯
public class BallPen {
//笔芯
PenCore core;
//使用笔芯
public void usePencore(PenCore core){
this.core = core;
}
//写字
public void write(String s){
core.writeWord(s);
}
}
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PenCore penCore; //笔芯
PenCoreCreator creator; //笔芯构造者
BallPen ballPen = new BallPen(); //圆珠笔
creator = new RedPenCoreCreator();
penCore = creator.getPencore(); //使用工厂方法返回笔芯
ballPen.usePencore(penCore);
ballPen.write("程序猿是不会有女票的!");
creator = new BluePenCoreCreator();
penCore = creator.getPencore();
ballPen.usePencore(penCore);
ballPen.write("程序猿还会缺女朋友???");
creator = new BlackPenCoreCreator();
penCore = creator.getPencore();
ballPen.usePencore(penCore);
ballPen.write("旱的旱死,涝的涝死。");
System.out.println("我可能属于前者!!");
}
}
例二:
//抽象产品
public abstract class Drug {
String name;
String constitute;
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public String getConstitute(){
return constitute;
}
}
//具体产品
public class Paracetamol extends Drug{
String part1 = "每粒含乙酰氨基酚";
String part2 = "每粒含咖啡因";
String part3 = "每粒含人工牛黄";
String part4 = "每粒含马来酸氯苯";
public Paracetamol(String name, int [] a){
this.name = name;
part1 = part1 + ":" +a[0]+"毫克\n";
part2 = part2 + ":" +a[1]+"毫克\n";
part3 = part3 + ":" +a[2]+"毫克\n";
part4 = part4 + ":" +a[3]+"毫克\n";
constitute = part1+part2+part3+part4;
}
}
//具体产品
public class Amorolfine extends Drug{
String part1 = "每粒含甲硝唑";
String part2 = "每粒含人工牛黄";
public Amorolfine(String name, int [] a){
this.name = name;
part1 = part1 + ":" +a[0]+"毫克\n";
part2 = part2 + ":" +a[1]+"毫克\n";
constitute = part1+part2;
}
}
//构造者
public interface DrugCreator {
public abstract Drug getDrug();
}
//具体构造者
public class ParaDrugCreator implements DrugCreator{
@Override
public Drug getDrug() {
int [] a = {250, 15, 1, 10};
Drug drug = new Paracetamol("氨加黄敏胶囊", a);
return drug;
}
}
//具体构造者
public class AmorDrugCreator implements DrugCreator{
@Override
public Drug getDrug() {
int [] a = {200, 5};
Drug drug = new Amorolfine("甲硝唑胶囊", a);
return drug;
}
}
//Application.java使用了上述的工厂模式中所涉及的抽象产品
//构造者以及具体构造者,即使用构造者为用户提供药品
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DrugCreator creator = new ParaDrugCreator();
Drug drug = creator.getDrug();
System.out.println(drug.getName() + "的成分:");
System.out.println(drug.getConstitute());
DrugCreator creator1 = new AmorDrugCreator();
Drug drug1 = creator1.getDrug();
System.out.println(drug1.getName() + "的成分:");
System.out.println(drug1.getConstitute());
}
}