题目
You are given two integer arrays nums1 and nums2, sorted in non-decreasing order, and two integers m and n, representing the number of elements in nums1 and nums2 respectively.
Merge nums1 and nums2 into a single array sorted in non-decreasing order.
The final sorted array should not be returned by the function, but instead be stored inside the array nums1. To accommodate this, nums1 has a length of m + n, where the first m elements denote the elements that should be merged, and the last n elements are set to 0 and should be ignored. nums2 has a length of n.
Example 1:
Input: nums1 = [1,2,3,0,0,0], m = 3, nums2 = [2,5,6], n = 3
Output: [1,2,2,3,5,6]
Explanation: The arrays we are merging are [1,2,3] and [2,5,6].
The result of the merge is [1,2,2,3,5,6] with the underlined elements coming from nums1.
Example 2:
Input: nums1 = [1], m = 1, nums2 = [], n = 0
Output: [1]
Explanation: The arrays we are merging are [1] and [].
The result of the merge is [1].
Example 3:
Input: nums1 = [0], m = 0, nums2 = [1], n = 1
Output: [1]
Explanation: The arrays we are merging are [] and [1].
The result of the merge is [1].
Note that because m = 0, there are no elements in nums1. The 0 is only there to ensure the merge result can fit in nums1.
Constraints:
- nums1.length == m + n
- nums2.length == n
- 0 <= m, n <= 200
- 1 <= m + n <= 200
- -109 <= nums1[i], nums2[j] <= 109
Follow up: Can you come up with an algorithm that runs in O(m + n) time?
解法
自己的解法
class Solution {
public void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
for(int i=0;i< n;i++){
nums1[m+i] = nums2[i];
}
Arrays.sort(nums1);
}
}
官方解法
方法一:直接合并后排序
算法
最直观的方法是先将数组 nums 2放进数组nums 1的尾部,然后直接对整个数组进行排序。
class Solution {
public void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i != n; ++i) {
nums1[m + i] = nums2[i];
}
Arrays.sort(nums1);
}
}
复杂度分析
时间复杂度:O((m+n)log(m+n))。
排序序列长度为 m+n,套用快速排序的时间复杂度即可,平均情况为O((m+n)log(m+n))。
空间复杂度:O(log(m+n))。
排序序列长度为 m+n,套用快速排序的空间复杂度即可,平均情况为 O(log(m+n))。
方法二:双指针
算法
方法一没有利用数组 nums 1与 nums 2已经被排序的性质。为了利用这一性质,我们可以使用双指针方法。这一方法将两个数组看作队列,每次从两个数组头部取出比较小的数字放到结果中。如下面的动画所示:
我们为两个数组分别设置一个指针 p 1与 p 2来作为队列的头部指针。代码实现如下:
class Solution {
public void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
int p1 = 0, p2 = 0;
int[] sorted = new int[m + n];
int cur;
while (p1 < m || p2 < n) {
if (p1 == m) {
cur = nums2[p2++];
} else if (p2 == n) {
cur = nums1[p1++];
} else if (nums1[p1] < nums2[p2]) {
cur = nums1[p1++];
} else {
cur = nums2[p2++];
}
sorted[p1 + p2 - 1] = cur;
}
for (int i = 0; i != m + n; ++i) {
nums1[i] = sorted[i];
}
}
}
复杂度分析
-
时间复杂度:O(m+n)。
指针移动单调递增,最多移动 m+n 次,因此时间复杂度为 O(m+n)。 -
空间复杂度:O(m+n)。
需要建立长度为 m+n 的中间数组 sorted。
方法三:逆向双指针
class Solution {
public void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
int p1 = m - 1, p2 = n - 1;
int tail = m + n - 1;
int cur;
while (p1 >= 0 || p2 >= 0) {
if (p1 == -1) {
cur = nums2[p2--];
} else if (p2 == -1) {
cur = nums1[p1--];
} else if (nums1[p1] > nums2[p2]) {
cur = nums1[p1--];
} else {
cur = nums2[p2--];
}
nums1[tail--] = cur;
}
}
}
复杂度分析
时间复杂度:O(m+n)。
指针移动单调递减,最多移动m+n 次,因此时间复杂度为 O(m+n)。
空间复杂度:O(1)。
直接对数组nums 1原地修改,不需要额外空间。
作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/merge-sorted-array/solution/he-bing-liang-ge-you-xu-shu-zu-by-leetco-rrb0/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
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