处理python在Windows环境安装包时报编码错误的问题

问题说明

在Windows环境下安装一些python第三方库时，经常会遇到编码错误的问题：UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0x93 in position 815: illegal multibyte sequence。
该问题很多时候只是包里面打开文件时没有指定编码方式，而Windows默认又是用gbk打开的。

File "D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\py37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 349, in <module>
      main()
    File "D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\py37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 331, in main
      json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
    File "D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\py37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 117, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
      return hook(config_settings)
    File "C:\Users\LT-0041\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-_bnf9jol\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 341, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
      return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
    File "C:\Users\LT-0041\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-_bnf9jol\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 323, in _get_build_requires
      self.run_setup()
    File "C:\Users\LT-0041\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-_bnf9jol\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 488, in run_setup
      self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
    File "C:\Users\LT-0041\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-_bnf9jol\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 338, in run_setup
      exec(code, locals())
    File "<string>", line 15, in <module>
  UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0x93 in position 815: illegal multibyte sequence

解决方案：

• 下载包
• 解压包
• python setup.py install
  • 根据报错信息找到错误位置，并添加默认打开文件的当时为utf-8
    • open("readme.md") --> open("readme.md", encoding="utf-8")
• 重新执行python setup.py install

注：如需修改源setup.cfg中添加

[easy_install]

index_url = https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple

该问题应该也可以通过临时修改Windows默认编码格式解决，但这里没有详细讨论。