目录
背景
最近开发项目,因为有第三方调用我们的接口,我们使用SpringBoot以JavaBean的方式接收了我们预期的参数,参数接收也没有什么异常。但是有一些需求问题需要沟通,需要拿到合作第三方传入的所有参数,来进行参数核验。
如何拿到请求的所有参数呢?正常的思路肯定是从request中获取,如果是GET请求,参数在请求路径中拼接;如果是POST请求,参数在request的请求体(body)中。
一番检索,很容易拿到相关代码。但是经过实操,发现并不能如期获取到参数。经过思考,我的接口是POST请求,参数形式是json格式(使用了@RequestBody来修饰参数)。
具体过程参看如下分析
获取请求中的参数(非json格式参数)
获取方法
方法一
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames(); | |
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) { | |
String paraName = parameterNames.nextElement(); | |
System.out.println(paraName + ": " + request.getParameter(paraName)); | |
} |
方法二
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap(); | |
Set<Map.Entry<String, String[]>> keSet = map.entrySet(); | |
for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String[]>> itr = keSet.iterator(); itr.hasNext(); ) { | |
Map.Entry<String, String[]> me = itr.next(); | |
Object ok = me.getKey(); | |
Object ov = me.getValue(); | |
String[] value = new String[1]; | |
if (ov != null) { | |
value = (String[]) ov; | |
} else { | |
value[0] = ov.toString(); | |
} | |
for (int k = 0; k < value.length; k++) { | |
System.out.println(ok + "=" + value[k]); | |
} | |
} |
结论
经过测试以上两个方法可以获取GET请求的参数,以及参数格式为form-data、x-www-form-urlencoded的POST请求,但是json格式参数(postman中为raw)的参数不能获得。
根据代码的简介程度,选择方法一,明显更舒服一些。
以上结论经过postman实测.
获取POST请求json格式的参数
以上方法已经可以获取大多数情况下的请求的参数,但是明显还不能满足需求,需要获取传入json格式的参数。
经过检索推荐方法(参看后边完整方法)
经过一番检索,网上推荐的方法一般都是使用流来进行参数读取,即使用getInputStream()和getReader():
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>(); | |
BufferedReader br = null; | |
try { | |
try { | |
br = request.getReader(); | |
} catch (IOException e) { | |
e.printStackTrace(); | |
} | |
String str; | |
StringBuilder wholeStr = new StringBuilder(); | |
while ((str = Objects.requireNonNull(br).readLine()) != null) { | |
wholeStr.append(str); | |
} | |
if (StrUtil.isNotEmpty(wholeStr.toString())) { | |
params = JSON.parseObject(wholeStr.toString(), Map.class); | |
} | |
} catch (IOException e) { | |
e.printStackTrace(); | |
} | |
System.out.println(params); |
遇到的问题及解决思路
问题1 流不能多次被调用
但是又会遇到如下问题:
ERROR m.e.handler.GlobalExceptionHandler - getInputStream() has already been called for this request
java.lang.IllegalStateException: getInputStream() has already been called for this request
at org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.getReader(Request.java:1212)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade.getReader(RequestFacade.java:504)
根据报错信息分析简单来说,就是getInputStream()已经被调用了,不能再次调用。可是我看代码上,我也没调用。经过一番检索,原来@RequestBody注解配置后,默认会使用流来读取数据。
具体原因:
- 默认配置时,getInputStream()和getReader()一起使用会报错,使用两遍getInputStream(),第二遍会为空。
- 当存在@RequestBody等注解时,springMVC已读取过一遍流,默认单独使用getInputStream()或getReader()都为空。
实测,不加@RequestBody注解,可以如期获得请求中的json参数,但是又不得不加@RequestBody注解。这样就需要新的思路
解决思路
写filter继承HttpServletRequestWrapper,缓存InputStream,覆盖getInputStream()和getReader()方法,使用ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes());读取InputStream。
实现方法
1.定义增强类,继承继承HttpServletRequestWrapper
将请求体中的流copy一份,覆写getInputStream()和getReader()方法供外部使用。每次调用覆写后的getInputStream()方法都是从复制出来的二进制数组中进行获取,这个二进制数组在对象存在期间一直存在,这样就实现了流的重复读取。
public class BodyReaderHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { | |
private byte[] body; | |
public BodyReaderHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { | |
super(request); | |
body = HttpHelper.getBodyString(request).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); | |
} | |
@Override | |
public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException { | |
return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream())); | |
} | |
@Override | |
public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { | |
final ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(body); | |
return new ServletInputStream() { | |
@Override | |
public int read() throws IOException { | |
return bais.read(); | |
} | |
@Override | |
public boolean isFinished() { | |
return false; | |
} | |
@Override | |
public boolean isReady() { | |
return false; | |
} | |
@Override | |
public void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) { | |
} | |
}; | |
} | |
public void setInputStream(byte[] body) { | |
this.body = body; | |
} | |
} |
2.构建过滤器
@Slf4j | |
@WebFilter(filterName = "RequestWrapperFilter", urlPatterns = "/api/test/test2") | |
public class RequestWrapperFilter implements Filter { | |
@Override | |
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { | |
} | |
@Override | |
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException | |
, IOException { | |
ServletRequest requestWrapper = null; | |
if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest) { | |
requestWrapper = new BodyReaderHttpServletRequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request); | |
} | |
if (null == requestWrapper) { | |
log.error("过滤器包装request失败!将返回原来的request"); | |
chain.doFilter(request, response); | |
} else { | |
log.info("过滤器包装request成功"); | |
chain.doFilter(requestWrapper, response); | |
} | |
} | |
@Override | |
public void destroy() { | |
} | |
} |
注意事项:
- 使用@WebFilter注解的urlPatterns属性,可指定过滤哪一个接口方法。
- 过滤器类最好不要交由Spring管理,否则每一个接口都会进行过滤(实测)。例如:不要添加@Component注解. 3.编写工具类方便调用
/** | |
* description:http辅助工具类 | |
* | |
* @author RenShiWei | |
* Date: 2021/5/7 22:11 | |
**/ | |
public class HttpHelper { | |
/** | |
* description:从request获取body的json数据 | |
* | |
* @param request / | |
* @return / | |
* @author RenShiWei | |
* Date: 2021/5/7 22:44 | |
*/ | |
public static String getBodyString(ServletRequest request) { | |
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); | |
ServletInputStream inputStream = null; | |
BufferedReader reader = null; | |
try { | |
inputStream = request.getInputStream(); | |
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); | |
String line = ""; | |
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { | |
sb.append(line); | |
} | |
} catch (IOException e) { | |
e.printStackTrace(); | |
} finally { | |
if (inputStream != null) { | |
try { | |
inputStream.close(); | |
} catch (IOException e) { | |
e.printStackTrace(); | |
} | |
} | |
if (reader != null) { | |
try { | |
reader.close(); | |
} catch (IOException e) { | |
e.printStackTrace(); | |
} | |
} | |
} | |
return sb.toString(); | |
} | |
/** | |
* description:从request获取body的json数据,并格式化成map形式 | |
* | |
* @param request / | |
* @return / | |
* @author RenShiWei | |
* Date: 2021/5/7 22:44 | |
*/ | |
@SuppressWarnings("all") | |
public static Map<String, Object> getBodyMap(ServletRequest request) { | |
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>(); | |
String bodyString = getBodyString(request); | |
if (StrUtil.isNotEmpty(bodyString)) { | |
params = JSON.parseObject(bodyString, Map.class); | |
} | |
return params; | |
} | |
} |
4.在SpringBoot启动类上添加@ServletComponentScan注解
使用
@RestController | |
@RequestMapping("/api/test") | |
public class TestController { | |
@GetMapping("/test1") | |
@AnonymousAccess | |
public ResponseEntity<String> test1(HttpServletRequest request) { | |
System.out.println("---GET请求 getParameterNames 入参---"); | |
try { | |
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); | |
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { | |
e.printStackTrace(); | |
} | |
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames(); | |
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) { | |
String paraName = parameterNames.nextElement(); | |
System.out.println(paraName + ": " + request.getParameter(paraName)); | |
} | |
System.out.println("---GET请求 getParameterMap 入参---"); | |
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap(); | |
Set<Map.Entry<String, String[]>> keSet = map.entrySet(); | |
for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String[]>> itr = keSet.iterator(); itr.hasNext(); ) { | |
Map.Entry<String, String[]> me = itr.next(); | |
Object ok = me.getKey(); | |
Object ov = me.getValue(); | |
String[] value = new String[1]; | |
if (ov != null) { | |
value = (String[]) ov; | |
} else { | |
value[0] = ov.toString(); | |
} | |
for (int k = 0; k < value.length; k++) { | |
System.out.println(ok + "=" + value[k]); | |
} | |
} | |
return ResponseEntity.ok(null); | |
} | |
@PostMapping("/test2") | |
@AnonymousAccess | |
public ResponseEntity<String> test2(@RequestBody TestParam testParam, HttpServletRequest request) { | |
String body = HttpHelper.getBodyString(request); | |
Map<String, Object> bodyMap = HttpHelper.getBodyMap(request); | |
System.out.println("body: " + body); | |
System.out.println("bodyMap: " + bodyMap); | |
return ResponseEntity.ok(null); | |
} | |
} |
postman测试
GET请求
POST的JSON格式参数(其他方式结果与GET请求结果一致)
结果