go学习笔记

/*
 * @Author: hupc
 * @Date: 2020-09-22 13:53:45
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-04-02 15:05:42
 * @LastEditors: Please set LastEditors
 * @Description: In User Settings Edit
 * @FilePath: \go_test\main.go
 */
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

type Profile struct {
	name   string
	age    int
	gender string
	mother *Profile
	father *Profile
}

func (person Profile) FmtProfile() {
	fmt.Printf("姓名：%s ", person.name)
	fmt.Printf("年龄：%d ", person.age)
	fmt.Printf("性别：%s ", person.gender)
}

func (person *Profile) increase_age() {
	person.age += 1
}

func set_data(x int) {
	defer func() {
		if err := recover(); err != nil {
			fmt.Println(err)
		}
	}()

	var arr [10]int
	arr[x] = 88
}

func test_type_assertion() {
	var i interface{} = 10
	fmt.Println("i: ", i)

	t1 := i.(int)
	fmt.Println("t1: ", t1)

	fmt.Println("=======cutting line=========")

	t2 := i.(string)
	fmt.Println("t2: ", t2)
}

func test_type_assertion2() {
	fmt.Println("===========example 1==============")
	var i interface{} = 10
	t1, ok := i.(int)
	fmt.Printf("t1: %d - ok: %t\n", t1, ok)

	fmt.Println("===========example 2==============")
	t2, ok := i.(string)
	fmt.Printf("t2: %s - ok: %t\n", t2, ok)

	fmt.Println("===========example 3==============")
	var k interface{}
	t3, ok := k.(interface{})
	fmt.Printf("t3: %s - ok: %t\n", t3, ok)

	fmt.Println("===========example 4==============")
	k = 10
	t4, ok := k.(interface{})
	fmt.Printf("t4: %d - ok: %t\n", t4, ok)

	fmt.Println("===========example 5==============")
	t5, ok := k.(int)
	fmt.Printf("t5: %d - ok: %t\n", t5, ok)
}

func foo() (int, string) {
	return 10, "hupc"
}

// go 变量
// 变量名不能重复
// 函数外生命变量必须 var
// 变量声明时如果没有初始值 必须要有类型  如果声明时赋值了初始值 则不用声明类型  go会自己根据 = 右边的数据来判断变量类型
// 函数内部生命变量 一般使用:=
// _ 是匿名变量
//
//

// go string
// go string 的len 方法 求出来的长度是字符串的 字节长度  如果是字母则直接可以求出  字符长度 如果是中文则不行
// 处理中文时要用到 rune 类型  是将中文等复合字符转换成Unicode来处理
func changeString() {
	s1 := "big"
	byteS1 := []byte(s1)
	byteS1[0] = 'p'
	fmt.Println(s1, string(byteS1))

	s2 := "红萝卜"
	byteS2 := []rune(s2)
	byteS2[0] = '白'
	fmt.Println(s2, byteS2, string(byteS2))
}

// go 类型转换
// go中只有强制类型转换 没有隐式类型转换
// 通过 T() 方式来转换  T 是要转换的类型  ex: string()  int() byte()
func sqrtDemo() {
	a, b := 3, 4
	var c int
	//math.Sqrt()接收的参数是float64类型  需要强制转换
	c = int(math.Sqrt(float64(a*b + b*b)))
	fmt.Println(c)
}

func test() {
	var (
		a int     = 3
		b float32 = 3.2
		c bool    = true
		d string  = "abc"
	)
	fmt.Printf("%v(%T) %vf(%T) %v(%T) %v(%T)", a, a, b, b, c, c, d, d)

	fmt.Println()
	s := "hello沙河小王子"
	byteA := []rune(s)
	fmt.Println(byteA)
	var count int
	for _, v := range byteA {
		if len(string(v)) >= 3 {
			count++
		}
	}
	fmt.Println("共有中文", count, "个")
	fmt.Printf("共有中文 %d 个", count)
}

// 1x1
// 1x2 2x2
// 1x3 2x3 3x3
//

func multi_table_99() {
	for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {
		for j := 1; j <= i; j++ {
			fmt.Printf("%dx%d=%d ", j, i, i*j)
		}
		fmt.Println()
	}
}

//求数组[1, 3, 5, 7, 8]所有元素的和
func sumArray(x []int) []int {
	var count int = 0
	for _, v := range x {
		count += int(v)
	}
	x[0] = 111
	return x
}

func sortMap() {
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

	var scoreMap = make(map[string]int, 20)

	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		key := fmt.Sprintf("stu%02d", i)
		value := rand.Intn(10)
		scoreMap[key] = value
	}
	//取出map中所有的key 存入切片
	var keys = make([]string, 0, 20)
	for key := range scoreMap {
		keys = append(keys, key)
	}
	//对切片进行排序
	sort.Strings(keys)

	fmt.Println(keys)
	fmt.Println(scoreMap)

	//按照排序收的key遍历map
	for _, kk := range keys {
		fmt.Println(kk, scoreMap[kk])
	}
}

func mapSliceTest() {
	var mapSlice = make([]map[string]string, 3)

	for index, value := range mapSlice {
		fmt.Println(index, value)
	}

	fmt.Println("after init")
	//对切片中的map元素 进行初始化
	// mapSlice[0] = make(map[string]string, 3)
	// mapSlice[0]["name"] = "hupc"
	// mapSlice[0]["password"] = "123456"
	// mapSlice[0]["address"] = "北京"

	map1 := make(map[string]string, 3)
	map1["name"] = "hupc"
	map1["password"] = "123456"
	map1["address"] = "北京"
	mapSlice[0] = map1

	for index, value := range mapSlice {
		fmt.Println(index, value)
	}
}

func sliceMapTest() {
	var sliceMap = make(map[string][]string, 3)
	fmt.Println(sliceMap)
	fmt.Println("after init")

	key := "中国"
	value, ok := sliceMap[key]
	if !ok {
		value = make([]string, 0, 2)
	}
	value = append(value, "北京", "上海")
	sliceMap[key] = value
	key2 := "美国"
	value2, ok := sliceMap[key2]
	if !ok {
		value2 = make([]string, 0, 2)
	}
	value2 = append(value2, "华盛顿", "洛杉矶")
	sliceMap[key2] = value2
	fmt.Println(sliceMap)
}

func f1() int {
	x := 5
	defer func() {
		x++
	}()
	return x
}
func f2() (x int) {
	defer func() {
		x++
	}()
	return 5
}

func f3() (y int) {
	x := 5
	defer func() {
		x++
	}()
	return x
}

func f4() (x int) {
	defer func(x int) {
		x++
	}(x)
	return 5
}

func funcA() {
	fmt.Println("func A")
}

func funcB() {
	defer func() {
		err := recover()
		fmt.Println("err", err)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("recover in B")
		}
	}()
	panic("panic in B")
}

func funcC() {
	fmt.Println("func in C")
}

func assinCoinByName(name string) int {
	if name == "" {
		return 0
	}
	lowerName := strings.ToLower(name)

	var count = 0
	if finde := strings.Count(lowerName, "e"); finde > 0 {
		fmt.Println(name, "find e is", finde)
		count += 1
	}
	if findi := strings.Count(lowerName, "i"); findi > 0 {
		fmt.Println(name, "find i is", findi)
		count += 2
	}
	if findo := strings.Count(lowerName, "o"); findo > 0 {
		fmt.Println(name, "find o is", findo)
		count += 3
	}
	if findu := strings.Count(lowerName, "u"); findu > 0 {
		fmt.Println(name, "find u is", findu)
		count += 4
	}
	return count
}

func dispatchCoin() {
	var (
		coins = 50
		users = []string{
			"Matthew", "Sarah", "Augustus", "Heidi", "Emilie", "Peter", "Giana", "Adriano", "Aaron", "Elizabeth",
		}
		distribution = make(map[string]int, len(users))
		totalCount   = 0
	)

	fmt.Println(distribution)
	for _, v := range users {
		singleCount := assinCoinByName(v)
		totalCount += singleCount
		distribution[v] = singleCount
	}
	fmt.Println(distribution)
	leftCount := coins - totalCount
	fmt.Println("剩下：", leftCount)
}

func main() {

	dispatchCoin()

	// funcA()
	// funcB()
	// funcC()
	// fmt.Println(f1())
	// fmt.Println(f2())
	// fmt.Println(f3())
	// fmt.Println(f4())

	// sliceMapTest()
	// mapSliceTest()
	// sortMap()

	// var a = make([]string, 5, 10)
	// for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
	// 	a = append(a, fmt.Sprintf("%v", i))
	// }
	// fmt.Println(a)

	// var count int
	// a := []int{1, 3, 5, 7, 8}
	// b := []int{}
	// fmt.Println(a)
	// fmt.Printf("a is %T", a)
	// fmt.Println(b)
	// fmt.Printf("b is %T", b)
	// var count = sumArray(a)
	// fmt.Println(count)
	// fmt.Println(a)
	// test()
	// sqrtDemo()
	// changeString()
	// s := "hello沙河"
	// l := len(s)
	// fmt.Println(l)

	// a := '中'
	// b := '国'
	// c := a + b

	// fmt.Println(a)

	// s1 := `1
	// 2
	// 3
	// 4
	// 5
	// 6
	// 7
	//
	// `
	// fmt.Println(s1)
	// fmt.Println("str := \"c:\\Code\\lesson1\\go.exe\"")
	// n := 10
	// m := 20
	// x, _ := foo()
	// _, y := foo()

	// fmt.Println(x, y)
	// set_data(20)
	// test_type_assertion2()
	// myself := Profile{name: "hupc", age: 27, gender: "male"}
	// myself.FmtProfile()
	// fmt.Printf("\nhupc当前年龄：%d", myself.age)
	// myself.increase_age()
	// fmt.Printf("\nhupc明年的年龄：%d", myself.age)
	// fmt.Println("\nhello world!")
}