本文总结自,B站-遇见狂神说
用来过滤网站的数据
- 登录验证
- 处理中文乱码…
使用步骤
- 导包(pom.xml)
- 配置过滤器(web.xml)
代码:
- 导包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>Session_Cookie</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.luis</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>Filter</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>Filter Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>Filter</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
-
编写过滤器
实现
filter
接口,重写方法
package cn.luis.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
/**
* 初始化
* web服务器启动,就已经初始化了,随时等待过滤对象的出现!
*/
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("初始化成功..");
}
/**
* Chain:链
* 1. 过滤器中的所有代码,在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
* 2. 必须要让过滤器继续通行
* chain.doFilter(req,resp);
*/
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 文字乱码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
System.out.println("Filter执行前...");
// 让我们的请求继续走,若不写,程序到这里就会被拦截
chain.doFilter(request,response);
System.out.println("Filter执行后...");
}
/**
* 销毁
* web服务器关闭时销毁
*/
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("销毁成功..");
}
}
-
配置过滤器
配置过滤器拦截资源的路径
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.luis.servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/show</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
<!--此路径不会走过滤器-->
<url-pattern>/show</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--filter-->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.luis.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--只要是/servlet下的任何请求都会经过这个过滤器-->
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
测试:
创建一个Servlet
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 查看过滤器是否生效
resp.getWriter().write("你好呀");
}
访问:
-
访问
http://localhost:8080/Filter/show
:网页文字乱码 -
访问
http://localhost:8080/Filter/servlet/show
:网页显示你好呀
注意
- 过滤之后要放行!否则程序到这里就会被拦截。
chain.doFilter(request,response);
案例:判断用户是否登陆
- 用户登录后,向session中放入用户的数据
- 进入主页的时候要判断用户时候否已经登陆【在过滤器中实现】
文件目录
LoginServlet
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取前端请求的参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
if ("admin".equals(username)) {
// 登陆成功,往session页面放一个信息
req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION, req.getSession().getId());
// JESSIONID
System.out.println(req.getSession().getId());
// 重定向[项目主路径为:/]
resp.sendRedirect("/sys/success.jsp");
} else {
// 登录失败,跳转到错误页面[项目主路径为:/]
resp.sendRedirect("/sys/404.jsp");
}
}
LogoutServlet
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 注销
String user_session = (String) req.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
// 已处于登录状态
if (user_session != null) {
req.getSession().removeAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
// 重定向到登录页面
resp.sendRedirect("/login.jsp");
// 重定向次数过多,与注销后跳转操作冲突
//resp.sendRedirect("/404.jsp");
}
}
过滤器
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
if (req.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION) == null) {
// 重定向
resp.sendRedirect("/login.jsp");
}
// 继续往下走
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
常量
public class Constant {
public static final String USER_SESSION = "USER_SESSION";
}
配置文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--serlvet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.luis.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<!--对应前端表单的路径-->
<url-pattern>/servlet/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.luis.servlet.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/logout</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>SysFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.luis.filter.SysFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SysFilter</filter-name>
<!--sys资源路径下的一切-->
<url-pattern>/sys/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
login.jsp
<div>
<form action="/servlet/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</div>
404.jsp
<body>
<h1>404</h1>
<a href="/login.jsp">返回到登录页面</a>
</body>
success.jsp
<h1>主页</h1>
<p>
<a href="/servlet/logout">注销</a>
</p>