李宏毅机器学习2021系列 作业2-年收入判断：4步实现概率生成模型。

项目描述

二元分类是机器学习中最基础的问题之一，在这份教学中，你将学会如何实作一个线性二元分类器，来根据人们的个人资料，判断其年收入是否高于 50,000 美元。我们将以两种方法: logistic regression 与 generative model，来达成以上目的，你可以尝试了解、分析两者的设计理念及差别。 实现二分类任务：

个人收入是否超过50000元？

直接上代码

1.数据准备

with open(X_train_fpath) as f:
    next(f)
    X_train = np.array([line.strip('\n').split(',')[1:] for line in f], dtype = float)
with open(Y_train_fpath) as f:
    next(f)
    Y_train = np.array([line.strip('\n').split(',')[1] for line in f], dtype = float)
with open(X_test_fpath) as f:
    next(f)
    X_test = np.array([line.strip('\n').split(',')[1:] for line in f], dtype = float)

# Normalize training and testing data
X_train, X_mean, X_std = _normalize(X_train, train = True)
X_test, _, _= _normalize(X_test, train = False, specified_column = None, X_mean = X_mean, X_std = X_std)

2.求均值和方差

# Compute in-class mean
X_train_0 = np.array([x for x, y in zip(X_train, Y_train) if y == 0])
X_train_1 = np.array([x for x, y in zip(X_train, Y_train) if y == 1])

mean_0 = np.mean(X_train_0, axis = 0)
mean_1 = np.mean(X_train_1, axis = 0)  

# Compute in-class covariance
cov_0 = np.zeros((data_dim, data_dim))
cov_1 = np.zeros((data_dim, data_dim))

for x in X_train_0:
    cov_0 += np.dot(np.transpose([x - mean_0]), [x - mean_0]) / X_train_0.shape[0]
for x in X_train_1:
    cov_1 += np.dot(np.transpose([x - mean_1]), [x - mean_1]) / X_train_1.shape[0]

# Shared covariance is taken as a weighted average of individual in-class covariance.
cov = (cov_0 * X_train_0.shape[0] + cov_1 * X_train_1.shape[0]) / (X_train_0.shape[0] + X_train_1.shape[0])

3.计算weights和bias

# 计算协方差矩阵的逆。.
# 因为协方差矩阵几乎是奇异的, np.linalg.inv() 可能会给出很大的数值误差.
# 通过SVD分解，可以有效、准确地得到矩阵的逆。
u, s, v = np.linalg.svd(cov, full_matrices=False)
inv = np.matmul(v.T * 1 / s, u.T)

# 直接计算weights 和 bias
w = np.dot(inv, mean_0 - mean_1)
b =  (-0.5) * np.dot(mean_0, np.dot(inv, mean_0)) + 0.5 * np.dot(mean_1, np.dot(inv, mean_1))\
    + np.log(float(X_train_0.shape[0]) / X_train_1.shape[0]) 

# 计算训练集的精度
Y_train_pred = 1 - _predict(X_train, w, b)
print('Training accuracy: {}'.format(_accuracy(Y_train_pred, Y_train)))

4.预测

predictions = 1 - _predict(X_test, w, b)
with open(output_fpath.format('generative'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('id,label\n')
    for i, label in  enumerate(predictions):
        f.write('{},{}\n'.format(i, label))

# 打印出最重要的权重

ind = np.argsort(np.abs(w))[::-1]
with open(X_test_fpath) as f:
    content = f.readline().strip('\n').split(',')
features = np.array(content)
for i in ind[0:10]:
    print(features[i], w[i])