Servlet入门

Java servlet 定义

• A Java servlet is a Java software component that extends the capabilities of a server. Although servlets can respond to many types of requests, they most commonly implement web containers for hosting web applications on web servers and thus qualify as a server-side servlet web API.
  Java Servlet是扩展服务器功能的Java软件组件。 尽管Servlet可以响应多种类型的请求，但它们最常见的是实现Web容器以将Web应用程序托管在Web服务器上，因此符合服务器端Servlet Web API的要求。
• Such web servlets are the Java counterpart to other dynamic web content technologies such as PHP and ASP.NRT.

Servlet & jsp

servlet	jsp
servlet is a java code	JSP is a html based code
Writing code for servlet is harder than JSP as it is html in java	JSP is easy to code as it is in html

Servlet plays a control

什么是协议

一种规范，双方共同的约定

Life cycle of a servlet

• Three methods are central to the life cycle of a servlet.

package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

public interface Servlet {
    void init(ServletConfig var1) throws ServletException;

    ServletConfig getServletConfig();

    void service(ServletRequest var1, ServletResponse var2) throws ServletException, IOException;

    String getServletInfo();

    void destroy();
}

• They are implemented by every serlet and are invoked at specific times by the server.

准备：

先建一个IDEA Java EE 项目

第一种Servlet：implements Servlet

package com.java.code.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TestServlet implements Servlet {

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        servletResponse.getWriter().println("Hello servlet");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

• 修改web.xml配置servlet
  前添加代码

...
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>testServletName</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.java.code.servlet.TestServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>testServletName</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/testServlet1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

运行

第二种Servlet：extends HttpServlet

package com.java.code.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TestServletV2 extends HttpServlet {


}

如上修改web.xml
运行报错HTTP Status 405 – 方法不允许

HttpServlet中的doget方法（如图）需要重写

修改代码如下：

...
public class TestServletV2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().println("Hello servlet v2");
    }
}

和浏览器简单交互

public class TestServletV2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String myHeader = req.getHeader("myHeader");
        resp.getWriter().println("Hello servlet v2"+myHeader);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String param = req.getParameter("param");
        resp.getWriter().println("Hello servlet POST v2 " + param);
    }
}

在postman中运行
GET
POST

不用在web.xml中配置的Servlet

添加注解

@WebServlet("/testServletV3")