JDBC:
概念: Java DataBase Connectivity, Java数据库连接 ,Java语言操作数据库
JDBC本质:其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。 各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类
快速入门:
步骤:
1.导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1
2.注册驱动
3.获取数据库连接对象 Connection
4.定义sql
5.获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
6.执行sql,接收返回结果
7.处理结果
8.释放资源
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* JDBC 快速入门
*/
public class JdbcDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库的连接对象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3", "root", "root");
//4.定义sql语句root
String sql = "update account set balance = 500 where id = 1";
//5.获取执行sql的对象,Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//8.释放资源
conn.close();
stmt.close();
}
}
详解各个对象:
1.DriverManager:驱动管理对象
功能:
1.注册驱动 :告诉程序该使用哪一个数据库驱动jar包
static void registerDriver(Driver driver):注册与给定的驱动程序 DriverManager。
写代码时:Class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”);
通过查看源码发现:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver类中存在静态代码块
static {
try {
java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException(“Can’t register driver!”);
}
}
//:mysql5之后的驱动jar包可以省略注册驱动的步骤
2.获取数据库连接
方法:static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password)
参数:url:指定连接的路径
语法:jdbc:mysql:// ip地址(域名):端口号/数据库名称
例:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3
细节:如果连接本机mysql服务器,且mysql服务器端口为3306,则url可简写:jdbc:mysql:///db3
user:用户名
password:密码
2.Connection:数据库连接对象
功能:
1.获取执行sql的对象
Statement createStatement()
PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
2.管理事务:
开启事务:void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
提交事务:void commit()
回滚事务:void rollback()
3.Statement:执行sql对象
执行sql
1.boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql,了解
2.int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert,update, delete)语句、DDL(create,alter,drop)语句
返回值:影响的行数,可以通过影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功,返回值>0执行成功,反之失败
3.ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句
练习:
1.account表 添加一条记录
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* account表 添加一条记录 insert语句
*/
public class JdbcDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.定义sql
String sql = "insert into account values(null,'王五',3000)";
//3.获取Connection对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//4.获取执行sql的对象,Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); //影响的行数
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if (count > 0){
System.out.println("添加成功");
}else {
System.out.println("添加失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//7.释放资源
//stmt.close();
//避免空指针异常
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
1
2.account表 修改记录
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* account 表 修改记录
*/
public class JdbcDemo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//3.定义sql
String sql = "update account set balance = 1500 where id = 3";
//4.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if (count > 0){
System.out.println("修改成功");
}else {
System.out.println("修改失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//7.释放资源
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
2
3.account表 删除一条记录
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* account表 删除一条记录
*/
public class JdbcDemo4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//3.定义sql
String sql = "delete from account where id = 3";
//4.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if (count > 0){
System.out.println("删除成功");
}else {
System.out.println("删除失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//7.释放资源
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
3
4.ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果
boolean next():游标向下移动一行 ,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,不是则返回true
getXxx(参数):获取数据
Xxx:代表数据类型 如:int getInt() String getString()
参数:
Int:代表列的编号,从1开始 如:getString(1)
String:代表列的名称. 如:getDouble(“balance”)
注意:
使用步骤:
1.游标向下移动一行
2.判断是否有数据
3.获取数据
//循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾
while (rs.next()){
//获取数据
//6.2获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString(“name”);
double balance = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id+"–"+name+"—"+balance);
}
练习:
定义一个方法,查询emp表的数据,将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回。打印
package cn.itcast.domain;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 封装Emp表数据的JavaBean
*/
public class Emp {
private int id;
private String ename;
private int job_id;
private int mgr;
private Date joindate;
private double salary;
private double bonus;
private int dep_id;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public int getJob_id() {
return job_id;
}
public void setJob_id(int job_id) {
this.job_id = job_id;
}
public int getMgr() {
return mgr;
}
public void setMgr(int mgr) {
this.mgr = mgr;
}
public Date getJoindate() {
return joindate;
}
public void setJoindate(Date joindate) {
this.joindate = joindate;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public double getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public int getDep_id() {
return dep_id;
}
public void setDep_id(int dep_id) {
this.dep_id = dep_id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Emp{" +
"id=" + id +
", ename='" + ename + '\'' +
", job_id=" + job_id +
", mgr=" + mgr +
", joindate=" + joindate +
", salary=" + salary +
", bonus=" + bonus +
", dep_id=" + dep_id +
'}';
}
}
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import cn.itcast.domain.Emp;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 定义一个方法:查询emp表的数据将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回
*/
public class JdbcDemo8 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Emp> list = new JdbcDemo8().findAll();
System.out.println(list);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
/**
* 查询所有emp对象
* @return
*/
public List<Emp> findAll(){
ResultSet rs = null;
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
List<Emp> list = null;
//1.注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//3.定义sql
String sql = "select * from emp";
//4.获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//6.遍历结果集,封装对象,装载集合
Emp emp = null;
list = new ArrayList<Emp>();
while (rs.next()){
//获取数据
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String ename = rs.getString("ename");
int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id");
int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr");
Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate");
double salary = rs.getDouble("salary");
double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus");
int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id");
//创建对象
emp = new Emp();
emp.setId(id);
emp.setEname(ename);
emp.setJob_id(job_id);
emp.setMgr(mgr);
emp.setJoindate(joindate);
emp.setSalary(salary);
emp.setBonus(bonus);
emp.setDep_id(dept_id);
//装载集合
list.add(emp);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return list;
}
}
4
抽取JDBC工具类:JDBCUtils
目的:简化书写
分析:
1.注册驱动也抽取
2.抽取一个方法获取连接对象
需求:不想传递参数,还要保证工具类的通用性
解决:配置文件
3.抽取一个方法释放资源
代码实现:
package cn.itcast.util;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* JDBC工具类
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
/**
* 文件读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块
*/
static {
//读取资源文件,获取值
try {
//1.创建Properties集合类
Properties pro = new Properties();
//获取src路径下的文件的方式---->ClassLoader 类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
String path = res.getPath();
System.out.println(path);
//2.加载文件
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
//3.获取属性,赋值
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
//4.注册驱动
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接
* @return 连接对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param rs
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if (rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
练习:
需求:
1.通过键盘录入用户名和密码
2.判断用户是否登录成功
步骤:
1.创建数据库 user
CREATE TABLE USER (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32),
PASSWORD VARCHAR(32)
);
INSERT INTO USER VALUES (NULL,'zhangsan','123');
INSERT INTO USER VALUES (NULL,'lisi','234');
SELECT *FROM USER;
JDBC工具类同上
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 需求:
* 1.通过键盘录入用户名和密码
* 2.判断用户是否登录成功
*/
public class JdbcDemo9 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.键盘录入,接收用户名和密码
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String username = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入密码:");
String password = sc.nextLine();
//2.调用方法
boolean flag = new JdbcDemo9().login(username, password);
//3.判断结果,输出不同语句
if (flag){
System.out.println("登录成功!");
}else {
System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!");
}
}
/**
* 登录方法
*/
public boolean login(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否登录成功
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//1.获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username ='"+username+"' and password = '"+password+"'";
//3.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.执行查询
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//5.判断
/* if (rs.next()){
return true;
}else {
return false;
}*/
return rs.next();//如果有下一行,返回true
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
}
5.PreparedStatement:执行sql对象
1.SQL注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接,会造成安全性问题
1.输入用户随便,输入密码:a’ or ‘a’ = 'a
2.sql: select * from user where username =‘dsa’ and password = ‘a’ or ‘a’ = ‘a’
2.解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决
3.预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符
4.步骤:
1.导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1
2.注册驱动
3.获取数据库连接对象 Connection
4.定义sql
注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;
5.获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement Connection.preparedStatement(String sql)
6.给?赋值:
方法:setXxx(参数1,参数2)
参数1:?的位置编号 从1 开始
参数2:?的值
7.执行sql,接收返回结果,不需要传递sql语句
8.处理结果
9.释放资源
5.注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作
1.可以防止sql注入
2.效率更高
优化登录练习:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 需求:
* 1.通过键盘录入用户名和密码
* 2.判断用户是否登录成功
*/
public class JdbcDemo9 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.键盘录入,接收用户名和密码
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String username = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入密码:");
String password = sc.nextLine();
//2.调用方法
boolean flag = new JdbcDemo9().login2(username, password);
//3.判断结果,输出不同语句
if (flag){
System.out.println("登录成功!");
}else {
System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!");
}
}
/**
* 登录方法
*/
public boolean login(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否登录成功
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//1.获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username ='"+username+"' and password = '"+password+"'";
System.out.println(sql);
//3.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.执行查询
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//5.判断
/* if (rs.next()){
return true;
}else {
return false;
}*/
return rs.next();//如果有下一行,返回true
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
/**
* 登录方法,使用preparedStatement实现
*/
public boolean login2(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否登录成功
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//1.获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
//3.获取执行sql对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//给?赋值
pstmt.setString(1,username);
pstmt.setString(2,password);
//4.执行查询,不需要传递sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
//5.判断
/* if (rs.next()){
return true;
}else {
return false;
}*/
return rs.next();//如果有下一行,返回true
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,pstmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
}