定时器(1)---基于升序双向链表定时器处理非活动连接

一个高性能服务器通常需要处理非活动连接，来提升性能和释放计算机资源，我们可以为每个客户端设置一个定时器，其中包含超时时间，处理函数以及函数的参数。通过升序双向链表将所有客户端的定时器组织起来，通过alarm函数定时,当SIGALRM信号到来时，遍历链表来调用超时客户端的回调函数来关闭非活动连接。下面通过代码来展示这一方法。

定时器代码:

list_time.h:

#ifndef _LIST_TIME_H
#define _LIST_TIME_H
#include<time.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
class util_timer;
//用户数据结构
struct client_data
{
	sockaddr_in address;//客户端socket地址
	int sockfd;			//socket文件描述符
	char buf[BUFSIZ];	//读缓存
	util_timer *timer;	//定时器
};
//定时器类
class util_timer
{
	public:
		time_t timeout;	//任务超时时间
		void (*function) (client_data*);//任务回调函数
		client_data* user_data;	//用户数据
		util_timer *prev;	//指向前一个定时器
		util_timer *next;	//指向后一个定时器
	public:
		util_timer();
};
/*定时器链表。升序、双向、且带有头结点和尾节点*/
class sort_list_time{
	private:
		util_timer *head;
		util_timer *end;
		/*被公有add_timer和adjust_tiemr函数调用
		 表示把定时器timer添加到node以后(包含node)*/
		void add_timer(util_timer* timer,util_timer* node);
	public:
		sort_list_time();
		/*链表被销毁时，删除其中所有的定时器*/
		~sort_list_time();
		/*将定时器添加到链表中*/
		void add_timer(util_timer* timer);
		/*将定时器从链表中删除*/
		void del_timer(util_timer* timer);
		/*调整定时器在链表中的位置*/
		void adjust_timer(util_timer* timer);
		/*处理链表上到期的任务*/
		void tick();
};
#endif

list_time.cpp

#include"list_time.h"
#include<time.h>
util_timer::util_timer():prev(NULL),next(NULL){}
sort_list_time::sort_list_time()
{
	this->head = new util_timer();
	this->end = new util_timer();
	head->next = end;
	end->prev = head;
}
sort_list_time::~sort_list_time()
{
	util_timer *p = this->head;
	while(p)
	{
		this->head = p->next;
		delete p;
		p = this->head;
	}
}
void sort_list_time::add_timer(util_timer* timer)
{
    if(timer == NULL)
        return;
    if(this->head->next == this->end)
	{
		timer->next = this->end;
		timer->prev = this->head;
		this->head->next = timer;
		this->end->prev = timer;
		return;
	}
	if(timer->timeout < this->head->next->timeout)
	{
		timer->next = this->head->next;
		timer->prev = this->head;
		this->head->next->prev = timer;
		this->head->next = timer;
		return;
	}
	add_timer(timer,this->head->next->next);
} 
void sort_list_time::add_timer(util_timer* timer,util_timer* node)
{
	while(node != this->end)
	{
		if(timer->timeout < node->timeout)
		{
			timer->next = node;
			timer->prev = node->prev;
			node->prev->next = timer;
			node->prev = timer;
			return;
		}
		node = node->next;
	}
	/*若没找到比timer大的，则添加在末尾*/
	timer->next = this->end;
	timer->prev = this->end->prev;
	this->end->prev->next = timer;
	this->end->prev = timer;
}
void sort_list_time::del_timer(util_timer* timer)
{
	if(timer == NULL)
		return;
	/*当从链表中删除定时器时，将用户数据中指向定时器的指针悬空*/
	timer->user_data->timer = NULL;
	timer->prev->next = timer->next;
	timer->next->prev = timer->prev;
	delete timer;
}
/*当定时任务发生变换时，调整定时器在链表中的位置，此处
 只考虑定时时间延长的情况*/
void sort_list_time::adjust_timer(util_timer* timer)
{
	if(timer == NULL)
		return;
	/*若该节点已经是尾节点或者依旧比下一个节点小，则不调整*/
	if((timer->next == this->end) || (timer->timeout < timer->next->timeout))
		return;
	/*否则将节点从链表中取出，在插入后面的合适位置*/
	timer->prev->next = timer->next;
	timer->next->prev = timer->prev;
	add_timer(timer,timer->next->next);
}
void sort_list_time::tick()
{
	if(this->head->next == this->end)
		return;
	time_t cur = time(NULL);/*获得当前系统时间*/
	util_timer* node = this->head->next;
	while(node != this->end)
	{
		if(node->timeout > cur)
			return;
		/*调用定时器中的回调函数,以执行定时任务*/
		node->function(node->user_data);
		util_timer* p = node;
		node = node->next;
		/*执行完后从链表中删除*/
		del_timer(p);
	}
}

处理非活动连接:

server.cpp：

#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/epoll.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include"list_time.h"
#include<assert.h>
#define TIMEOUT 5
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
static int epollfd;
static sort_list_time timer_list;
static int pipefd[2];
void set_nonblock(int fd)
{
	int flag = fcntl(fd,F_GETFL);
	flag |= O_NONBLOCK;
	fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,flag);
}
void addfd(int fd,bool flag)
{
	epoll_event event;
	event.data.fd = fd;
	event.events = EPOLLIN;
	if(flag)
		event.events |= EPOLLET;
	epoll_ctl(epollfd,EPOLL_CTL_ADD,fd,&event);
	set_nonblock(fd);
}
void sig_handler(int sig)
{
	send(pipefd[1],(char*)&sig,1,0);
}
void set_sig(int sig)
{
	struct sigaction sa;
	sa.sa_handler = sig_handler;
	sa.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
	sigaction(sig,&sa,NULL);
}
/*定时器回调函数,删除非活动连接socket上的注册事件，并关闭连接*/
void cb_function(client_data* user)
{
	epoll_ctl(epollfd,EPOLL_CTL_DEL,user->sockfd,NULL);
	close(user->sockfd);
	printf("close fd %d\n",user->sockfd);
}
void timer_handler()
{
	timer_list.tick();//定时处理任务
	alarm(TIMEOUT);//重新定时，以不断触发sigalarm信号
}
int main(int argc,const char* argv[])
{
	if(argc < 3)
	{
		printf("usage: %s ip_address port_number\n",argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	 const char* ip = argv[1];
	 int port = atoi(argv[2]);

	 int listenfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

	 struct sockaddr_in listenaddr,connaddr;
	 socklen_t connaddrlen = sizeof(connaddr);
	 listenaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	 listenaddr.sin_port = htons(port);
	 inet_pton(AF_INET,ip,&listenaddr.sin_addr);
	 
	 bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&listenaddr,sizeof(listenaddr));

	 listen(listenfd,5);

	 epoll_event events[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
	 epollfd = epoll_create(3);
	 addfd(listenfd,false);//LT模式加入epoll中

	 int ret = socketpair(AF_UNIX,SOCK_STREAM,0,pipefd);
	 assert(ret != -1);
	 addfd(pipefd[0],true);

	 set_sig(SIGALRM);
	 set_sig(SIGTERM);
	 client_data *users = new client_data[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
	 bool stop_server = false;
	 bool timeout= false;
	 alarm(TIMEOUT)/*定时*/;
	 while(!stop_server)
	 {
		 int num = epoll_wait(epollfd,events,MAX_EVENT_NUMBER,-1);
		 if(num == -1)
		 {
			 if(errno == EINTR)
				 continue;
			 perror("epoll_wait:");
			 break;
		 }
		 for(int i = 0;i < num;i++)
		 {
			 int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
			 /*处理新到的客户端连接*/
			 if(sockfd == listenfd)
			 {
				 memset(&connaddr,'\0',sizeof(connaddr));
				 int connfd = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&connaddr,&connaddrlen);
				 addfd(connfd,true);//ET模式加入epoll中

				 users[connfd].address = connaddr;
				 users[connfd].sockfd = connfd;
				 util_timer* timer = new util_timer;
				 time_t cur = time(NULL);
				 timer->timeout = cur + (2*TIMEOUT);
				 timer->function = cb_function;
				 timer->user_data = &users[connfd];
				 users[connfd].timer = timer;
				 timer_list.add_timer(timer);
			 }
			 /*处理信号*/
			 else if(sockfd == pipefd[0])
			 {
				 int ret = 0;
				 char signals[BUFSIZ];
				 while(1)
				 {
					 memset(signals,'\0',sizeof(signals));
					 ret = recv(sockfd,signals,sizeof(signals),0);
					 if(ret == -1)
					 {
						 if(errno != EAGAIN)
						 {
							 perror("recv signal error:");
						 }
						 break;
					 }
					 for(int i = 0;i < ret;i++)
					 {
						 switch(signals[i])
						 {
							 case SIGALRM:
							 {
								 /*不立即处理定时任务，先用timeout标记有定时
								   任务需要处理，优先处理I/O任务*/
								 timeout = true;
								 break;
							 }
							 case SIGTERM:
							 {
								 stop_server = true;
								 break;
							 }
						 }
					 }
				 }
			 }
			 else if(events[i].events & EPOLLIN){
				 while(true)
				 {
					 memset(users[sockfd].buf,'\0',sizeof(users[sockfd].buf));
					 int ret = recv(sockfd,users[sockfd].buf,sizeof(users[sockfd].buf),0);
					 if(ret == -1)
					 {
						 if(errno != EAGAIN)
						 {
							 /*如果发生错误，则关闭连接，移除定时任务*/
							 cb_function(&users[sockfd]);
							 timer_list.del_timer(users[sockfd].timer);
						 }
						 break;
					 }
					 else if(ret == 0)
					 {
						 /*若对端关闭，则关闭连接，移除定时任务*/
						 cb_function(&users[sockfd]);
						 timer_list.del_timer(users[sockfd].timer);
						 break;
					 }
					 send(sockfd,users[sockfd].buf,strlen(users[sockfd].buf),0);
				 }
				 if(users[sockfd].timer)
				 {
					 /*如果某个客户端有数据可读,则调整该连接的定时器，以延迟
					   该连接关闭的事件*/
					 time_t cur = time(NULL);
					 users[sockfd].timer->timeout = cur + (2*TIMEOUT);
					 printf("adjust timer once\n");
					 timer_list.adjust_timer(users[sockfd].timer);
				 }
			 }
		 }
		 if(timeout)
		 {
			 timer_handler();
			 timeout = false;
		 }
	 }
	 close(epollfd);
	 close(listenfd);
	 close(pipefd[0]);
	 close(pipefd[1]);
	 delete [] users;
	return 0;
}

参考：Linux高性能服务器编程 游双