Chocolatey 的安装

1 Chocolatey 的安装

在国内这个工具不好安装，经常由于超时，不能成功。

前面两种方法是推荐的，但是不好用。最好使用第三种，即离线安装的方法。

安装的系统要求

（1） Windows 7+ / Windows Server 2003+
（2） PowerShell v2+，至少是 v3
（3） NET Framework 4+ 至少是 4.5 （安装过程中会自动检测并下载）

1.1 cmd

Win+R 打开运行框，输入 cmd 后，按下 Ctrl+Shift+Enter 进入管理员模式，输入以下命令：

@"%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET "PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin"

1.2 Windows PowerShell

Win+R 打开运行框，输入 powershell 后，按下 Ctrl+Shift+Enter 进入管理员模式，输入以下命令：

Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

1.3 离线安装的方法，比较靠谱

问题描述：安装choco的时候，总是超时失败。

1.3.1 前置条件,下载必须的nupkg

https://packages.chocolatey.org/chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg

下载chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg，和最下面的install.ps1脚本放在同一目录。

1.3.2 离线安装choco

参考: https://blog.csdn.net/sw3114/article/details/104299003

choco官方离线安装方案： https://docs.chocolatey.org/en-us/choco/setup

修改install.ps1脚本中的几行：

# 修改第46行的nupkg包路径
$localChocolateyPackageFilePath = 'nupkg包路径'

修改第277行：

# 第277行 Download-Package 这个注释掉
Download-Package $searchUrl $localChocolateyPackageFilePath

install.ps1脚本

install.ps1内容放在最后面，将该脚本保存到本地，和chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg文件放在同一目录。

powersell开启信任脚本策略

# 开启信任脚本策略
set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

以管理员powershell执行安装脚本

# 进入脚本所在目录
cd D:\Choco脚本所在目录

# 执行安装脚本
iex ./install.ps1

结果验证

# 查看choco版本
choco -v

2 Chocolatey 的使用

# 查看版本
choco -v

# 查找软件
choco search XXX

# 详细信息
# choco info XXX

# 升级软件
choco upgrade XXX

# 卸载软件
choco uninstall XXX

# 列出包
choco list -lo

# 查看本地安装的软件包
choco list --local-only

# 配置统一环境 [XXX为配置文件名]
choco install XXX.config

# 列出Windows系统已安装的软件
choco list -li  OR choco list -lai

install.psl 代码

# Download and install Chocolatey nupkg from an OData (HTTP/HTTPS) url such as Artifactory, Nexus, ProGet (all of these are recommended for organizational use), or Chocolatey.Server (great for smaller organizations and POCs)
# This is where you see the top level API - with xml to Packages - should look nearly the same as https://chocolatey.org/api/v2/
# If you are using Nexus, always add the trailing slash or it won't work
# === EDIT HERE ===
$packageRepo = '<INSERT ODATA REPO URL>'

# If the above $packageRepo repository requires authentication, add the username and password here. Otherwise these leave these as empty strings.
$repoUsername = ''    # this must be empty is NOT using authentication
$repoPassword = ''    # this must be empty if NOT using authentication

# Determine unzipping method
# 7zip is the most compatible, but you need an internally hosted 7za.exe.
# Make sure the version matches for the arguments as well.
# Built-in does not work with Server Core, but if you have PowerShell 5
# it uses Expand-Archive instead of COM
$unzipMethod = 'builtin'
#$unzipMethod = '7zip'
#$7zipUrl = 'https://chocolatey.org/7za.exe' (download this file, host internally, and update this to internal)

# === ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES YOU CAN SET ===
# Prior to running this script, in a PowerShell session, you can set the
# following environment variables and it will affect the output

# - $env:ChocolateyEnvironmentDebug = 'true' # see output
# - $env:chocolateyIgnoreProxy = 'true' # ignore proxy
# - $env:chocolateyProxyLocation = '' # explicit proxy
# - $env:chocolateyProxyUser = '' # explicit proxy user name (optional)
# - $env:chocolateyProxyPassword = '' # explicit proxy password (optional)

# === NO NEED TO EDIT ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ===
# Ensure we can run everything
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force;

# If the repository requires authentication, create the Credential object
if ((-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($repoUsername)) -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($repoPassword))) {
    $securePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString $repoPassword -AsPlainText -Force
    $repoCreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($repoUsername, $securePassword)
}

$searchUrl = ($packageRepo.Trim('/'), 'Packages()?$filter=(Id%20eq%20%27chocolatey%27)%20and%20IsLatestVersion') -join '/'

# Reroute TEMP to a local location
New-Item $env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\choco-cache -ItemType Directory -Force
$env:TEMP = "$env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\choco-cache"
# 46行的变量值携程nupkg的路径,用单引号括起来
$localChocolateyPackageFilePath = 'E:\Downloads\choco\chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg'
$ChocoInstallPath = "$($env:SystemDrive)\ProgramData\Chocolatey\bin"
$env:ChocolateyInstall = "$($env:SystemDrive)\ProgramData\Chocolatey"
$env:Path += ";$ChocoInstallPath"
$DebugPreference = 'Continue';

# PowerShell v2/3 caches the output stream. Then it throws errors due
# to the FileStream not being what is expected. Fixes "The OS handle's
# position is not what FileStream expected. Do not use a handle
# simultaneously in one FileStream and in Win32 code or another
# FileStream."
function Fix-PowerShellOutputRedirectionBug {
  $poshMajorVerion = $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major

  if ($poshMajorVerion -lt 4) {
    try{
      # http://www.leeholmes.com/blog/2008/07/30/workaround-the-os-handles-position-is-not-what-filestream-expected/ plus comments
      $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags] "Instance,NonPublic,GetField"
      $objectRef = $host.GetType().GetField("externalHostRef", $bindingFlags).GetValue($host)
      $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags] "Instance,NonPublic,GetProperty"
      $consoleHost = $objectRef.GetType().GetProperty("Value", $bindingFlags).GetValue($objectRef, @())
      [void] $consoleHost.GetType().GetProperty("IsStandardOutputRedirected", $bindingFlags).GetValue($consoleHost, @())
      $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags] "Instance,NonPublic,GetField"
      $field = $consoleHost.GetType().GetField("standardOutputWriter", $bindingFlags)
      $field.SetValue($consoleHost, [Console]::Out)
      [void] $consoleHost.GetType().GetProperty("IsStandardErrorRedirected", $bindingFlags).GetValue($consoleHost, @())
      $field2 = $consoleHost.GetType().GetField("standardErrorWriter", $bindingFlags)
      $field2.SetValue($consoleHost, [Console]::Error)
    } catch {
      Write-Output 'Unable to apply redirection fix.'
    }
  }
}

Fix-PowerShellOutputRedirectionBug

# Attempt to set highest encryption available for SecurityProtocol.
# PowerShell will not set this by default (until maybe .NET 4.6.x). This
# will typically produce a message for PowerShell v2 (just an info
# message though)
try {
  # Set TLS 1.2 (3072), then TLS 1.1 (768), then TLS 1.0 (192), finally SSL 3.0 (48)
  # Use integers because the enumeration values for TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.1 won't
  # exist in .NET 4.0, even though they are addressable if .NET 4.5+ is
  # installed (.NET 4.5 is an in-place upgrade).
  [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = 3072 -bor 768 -bor 192 -bor 48
} catch {
  Write-Output 'Unable to set PowerShell to use TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.1 due to old .NET Framework installed. If you see underlying connection closed or trust errors, you may need to upgrade to .NET Framework 4.5+ and PowerShell v3+.'
}

function Get-Downloader {
param (
  [string]$url
 )
  $downloader = new-object System.Net.WebClient

  $defaultCreds = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials
  if (Test-Path -Path variable:repoCreds) {
    Write-Debug "Using provided repository authentication credentials."
    $downloader.Credentials = $repoCreds
  } elseif ($defaultCreds -ne $null) {
    Write-Debug "Using default repository authentication credentials."
    $downloader.Credentials = $defaultCreds
  }

  $ignoreProxy = $env:chocolateyIgnoreProxy
  if ($ignoreProxy -ne $null -and $ignoreProxy -eq 'true') {
    Write-Debug 'Explicitly bypassing proxy due to user environment variable.'
    $downloader.Proxy = [System.Net.GlobalProxySelection]::GetEmptyWebProxy()
  } else {
    # check if a proxy is required
    $explicitProxy = $env:chocolateyProxyLocation
    $explicitProxyUser = $env:chocolateyProxyUser
    $explicitProxyPassword = $env:chocolateyProxyPassword
    if ($explicitProxy -ne $null -and $explicitProxy -ne '') {
      # explicit proxy
      $proxy = New-Object System.Net.WebProxy($explicitProxy, $true)
      if ($explicitProxyPassword -ne $null -and $explicitProxyPassword -ne '') {
        $passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString $explicitProxyPassword -AsPlainText -Force
        $proxy.Credentials = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($explicitProxyUser, $passwd)
      }

      Write-Debug "Using explicit proxy server '$explicitProxy'."
      $downloader.Proxy = $proxy

    } elseif (!$downloader.Proxy.IsBypassed($url)) {
      # system proxy (pass through)
      $creds = $defaultCreds
      if ($creds -eq $null) {
        Write-Debug 'Default credentials were null. Attempting backup method'
        $cred = get-credential
        $creds = $cred.GetNetworkCredential();
      }

      $proxyaddress = $downloader.Proxy.GetProxy($url).Authority
      Write-Debug "Using system proxy server '$proxyaddress'."
      $proxy = New-Object System.Net.WebProxy($proxyaddress)
      $proxy.Credentials = $creds
      $downloader.Proxy = $proxy
    }
  }

  return $downloader
}

function Download-File {
param (
  [string]$url,
  [string]$file
 )
  $downloader = Get-Downloader $url
  $downloader.DownloadFile($url, $file)
}

function Download-Package {
param (
  [string]$packageODataSearchUrl,
  [string]$file
 )
  $downloader = Get-Downloader $packageODataSearchUrl

  Write-Output "Querying latest package from $packageODataSearchUrl"
  [xml]$pkg = $downloader.DownloadString($packageODataSearchUrl)
  $packageDownloadUrl = $pkg.feed.entry.content.src

  Write-Output "Downloading $packageDownloadUrl to $file"
  $downloader.DownloadFile($packageDownloadUrl, $file)
}

function Install-ChocolateyFromPackage {
param (
  [string]$chocolateyPackageFilePath = ''
)

  if ($chocolateyPackageFilePath -eq $null -or $chocolateyPackageFilePath -eq '') {
    throw "You must specify a local package to run the local install."
  }

  if (!(Test-Path($chocolateyPackageFilePath))) {
    throw "No file exists at $chocolateyPackageFilePath"
  }

  $chocTempDir = Join-Path $env:TEMP "chocolatey"
  $tempDir = Join-Path $chocTempDir "chocInstall"
  if (![System.IO.Directory]::Exists($tempDir)) {[System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($tempDir)}
  $file = Join-Path $tempDir "chocolatey.zip"
  Copy-Item $chocolateyPackageFilePath $file -Force

  # unzip the package
  Write-Output "Extracting $file to $tempDir..."
  if ($unzipMethod -eq '7zip') {
    $7zaExe = Join-Path $tempDir '7za.exe'
    if (-Not (Test-Path ($7zaExe))) {
      Write-Output 'Downloading 7-Zip commandline tool prior to extraction.'
      # download 7zip
      Download-File $7zipUrl "$7zaExe"
    }

    $params = "x -o`"$tempDir`" -bd -y `"$file`""
    # use more robust Process as compared to Start-Process -Wait (which doesn't
    # wait for the process to finish in PowerShell v3)
    $process = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process
    $process.StartInfo = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo($7zaExe, $params)
    $process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = $true
    $process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = $false
    $process.StartInfo.WindowStyle = [System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle]::Hidden
    $process.Start() | Out-Null
    $process.BeginOutputReadLine()
    $process.WaitForExit()
    $exitCode = $process.ExitCode
    $process.Dispose()

    $errorMessage = "Unable to unzip package using 7zip. Perhaps try setting `$env:chocolateyUseWindowsCompression = 'true' and call install again. Error:"
    switch ($exitCode) {
      0 { break }
      1 { throw "$errorMessage Some files could not be extracted" }
      2 { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip encountered a fatal error while extracting the files" }
      7 { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip command line error" }
      8 { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip out of memory" }
      255 { throw "$errorMessage Extraction cancelled by the user" }
      default { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip signalled an unknown error (code $exitCode)" }
    }
  } else {
    if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 5) {
      try {
        $shellApplication = new-object -com shell.application
        $zipPackage = $shellApplication.NameSpace($file)
        $destinationFolder = $shellApplication.NameSpace($tempDir)
        $destinationFolder.CopyHere($zipPackage.Items(),0x10)
      } catch {
        throw "Unable to unzip package using built-in compression. Set `$env:chocolateyUseWindowsCompression = 'false' and call install again to use 7zip to unzip. Error: `n $_"
      }
    } else {
      Expand-Archive -Path "$file" -DestinationPath "$tempDir" -Force
    }
  }

  # Call Chocolatey install
  Write-Output 'Installing chocolatey on this machine'
  $toolsFolder = Join-Path $tempDir "tools"
  $chocInstallPS1 = Join-Path $toolsFolder "chocolateyInstall.ps1"

  & $chocInstallPS1

  Write-Output 'Ensuring chocolatey commands are on the path'
  $chocInstallVariableName = 'ChocolateyInstall'
  $chocoPath = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable($chocInstallVariableName)
  if ($chocoPath -eq $null -or $chocoPath -eq '') {
    $chocoPath = 'C:\ProgramData\Chocolatey'
  }

  $chocoExePath = Join-Path $chocoPath 'bin'

  if ($($env:Path).ToLower().Contains($($chocoExePath).ToLower()) -eq $false) {
    $env:Path = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path',[System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine);
  }

  Write-Output 'Ensuring chocolatey.nupkg is in the lib folder'
  $chocoPkgDir = Join-Path $chocoPath 'lib\chocolatey'
  $nupkg = Join-Path $chocoPkgDir 'chocolatey.nupkg'
  if (!(Test-Path $nupkg)) {
    Write-Output 'Copying chocolatey.nupkg is in the lib folder'
    if (![System.IO.Directory]::Exists($chocoPkgDir)) { [System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($chocoPkgDir); }
    Copy-Item "$file" "$nupkg" -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
  }
}

# Idempotence - do not install Chocolatey if it is already installed
if (!(Test-Path $ChocoInstallPath)) {
  # download the package to the local path
  if (!(Test-Path $localChocolateyPackageFilePath)) {
    # 277行 Download-Package 这个注释掉
    # Download-Package $searchUrl $localChocolateyPackageFilePath
  }

  # Install Chocolatey
  Install-ChocolateyFromPackage $localChocolateyPackageFilePath
}