java设计模式--单例模式

单例模式

单例设计模式的介绍

所谓类的单例设计模式，就是采取一定的方法保证在整个软件系统中，对某个类只能存在一个对象实例，并且该类只提供一个取得其对象实例的方法。

单例模式有八种方式

1.饿汉式(静态常量)
2.饿汉式(静态代码块)
3.懒汉式(线程不安全)
4.懒汉式(线程安全，同步方法)
5.懒汉式(线程不安全，同步代码块)
6.双重检查
7.静态内部类
8.枚举

饿汉式(静态常量)

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton() {
    }

    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}

饿汉式(静态代码块)

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;

    static {
        instance = new Singleton();
    }

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}

懒汉式(线程不安全)

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

懒汉式(线程安全，同步方法)

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

懒汉式(线程不安全，同步代码块)

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                instance = new Singleton();
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

双重检查

public class Singleton {
    private static volatile Singleton instance;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (instance == null)
                    instance = new Singleton();
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

静态内部类

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton() {
    }

    private static class SingletonInstance {
        private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return SingletonInstance.INSTANCE;
    }
}

枚举

enum Singleton {
    INSTANCE;
    public void sayOK() {
        
    }
}

单例模式在JDK中的应用

在JDK中，java.lang.Runtime就是经典的单例模式(饿汉式)