文件查找01

一.文件查找的关键函数

01. FindFirstFile 

     		HANDLE WINAPI FindFirstFile(
 						 _In_  LPCTSTR           lpFileName, 

						_Out_ LPWIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindFileData
						);

入参：

lpFileName：

	【In】Pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies a valid directory or path and file name

	出参：
lpFindFileData：
 	【Out】Pointer to the WIN32_FIND_DATA structure that receives information about the found file or subdirectory  
		
	摘自MSDN：			
WIN32_FIND_DATA
The WIN32_FIND_DATA structure describes a file found by the FindFirstFile, FindFirstFileEx, or FindNextFile function. 
typedef struct _WIN32_FIND_DATA {
  DWORD    dwFileAttributes; 
  FILETIME ftCreationTime; 
  FILETIME ftLastAccessTime; 
  FILETIME ftLastWriteTime; 
  DWORD    nFileSizeHigh; 
  DWORD    nFileSizeLow; 
  DWORD    dwReserved0; 
  DWORD    dwReserved1; 
  TCHAR    cFileName[ MAX_PATH ]; 
  TCHAR    cAlternateFileName[ 14 ]; 
} WIN32_FIND_DATA, *PWIN32_FIND_DATA; 
   
   
Members
   
   

    
    
     
     dwFileAttributes 
    
    
    
    

     
     Specifies the file attributes of the file found. This member can be one or more of the following values. 
     
     
Attribute
Meaning
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
The file or directory is an archive file or directory. Applications use this attribute to mark files for backup or removal.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED
The file or directory is compressed. For a file, this means that all of the data in the file is compressed. For a directory, this means that compression is the default for newly created files and subdirectories.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
The handle identifies a directory.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED
The file or directory is encrypted. For a file, this means that all data in the file is encrypted. For a directory, this means that encryption is the default for newly created files and subdirectories.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
The file or directory is hidden. It is not included in an ordinary directory listing.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
The file or directory has no other attributes set. This attribute is valid only if used alone.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
The file data is not immediately available. This attribute indicates that the file data has been physically moved to offline storage. This attribute is used by Remote Storage, the hierarchical storage management software in Windows 2000. Applications should not arbitrarily change this attribute.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
The file or directory is read-only. Applications can read the file but cannot write to it or delete it. In the case of a directory, applications cannot delete it.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
The file has an associated reparse point.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE
The file is a sparse file.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
The file or directory is part of the operating system or is used exclusively by the operating system.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
The file is being used for temporary storage. File systems attempt to keep all of the data in memory for quicker access, rather than flushing it back to mass storage. A temporary file should be deleted by the application as soon as it is no longer needed.
     
     

    
    
    
    
     
     ftCreationTime 
    
    
    
    

     
     Specifies a 
     
     FILETIME structure containing the time the file was created. 
     
     FindFirstFile and 
     
     FindNextFile report file times in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) format. These functions set the 
     
     FILETIME members to zero if the file system containing the file does not support this time member. You can use the 
     
     FileTimeToLocalFileTime function to convert from UTC to local time, and then use the 
     
     FileTimeToSystemTime function to convert the local time to a 
     
     SYSTEMTIME structure containing individual members for the month, day, year, weekday, hour, minute, second, and millisecond. 
    
    
    
    
     
     ftLastAccessTime 
    
    
    
    

     
     Specifies a 
     
     FILETIME structure containing the time that the file was last accessed. The time is in UTC format; the 
     
     FILETIME members are zero if the file system does not support this time member. 
    
    
    
    
     
     ftLastWriteTime 
    
    
    
    

     
     Specifies a 
     
     FILETIME structure containing the time that the file was last written to. The time is in UTC format; the 
     
     FILETIME members are zero if the file system does not support this time member. 
    
    
    
    
     
     nFileSizeHigh 
    
    
    
    

     
     Specifies the high-order 
     
     DWORD value of the file size, in bytes. This value is zero unless the file size is greater than 
     
     MAXDWORD. The size of the file is equal to (
     
     nFileSizeHigh * (
     
     MAXDWORD+1)) + 
     
     nFileSizeLow. 
    
    
    
    
     
     nFileSizeLow 
    
    
    
    

     
     Specifies the low-order 
     
     DWORD value of the file size, in bytes. 
    
    
    
    
     
     dwReserved0 
    
    
    
    

     
     If the 
     
     dwFileAttributes member includes the FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT attribute, this member specifies the reparse tag. Otherwise, this value is undefined and should not be used. 
    
    
    
    
     
     dwReserved1 
    
    
    
    

     
     Reserved for future use. 
    
    
    
    
     
     cFileName 
    
    
    
    

     
     A null-terminated string that is the name of the file. 
    
    
    
    
     
     cAlternateFileName 
    
    
    
    

     
     A null-terminated string that is an alternative name for the file. This name is in the classic 8.3 (filename.ext) file name format
    
    
   
   
	
	返回值：HANDLE

	【Return】:
	If the function succeeds, the return value is a search handle used in a subsequent call to FindNextFile or FindClose.
	If the function fails, the return value is INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. 
	
 
 


 
 
 
 

  
  	02.FindNextFile
 
 
 
 

  
  		
  
  
		BOOL FindNextFile(
 					 HANDLE hFindFile,                // search handle 
					  LPWIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindFileData // data buffer
				);
 
 

		
·····Parameters：
 
 

  
  
   
   ···hFindFile 
  
  
  
  

   
   ·········[in] Search handle returned by a previous call to the 
   
   FindFirstFile function. 
  
  
  
  
   
   

  
  
  
  
   
   ···lpFindFileData
  
  
  
  
   
         ··········[out] Pointer to the 
   
   WIN32_FIND_DATA
   
    structure that receives information about the found file or subdirectory. The structure can be used in subsequent calls to 
   
   FindNextFile
   
    to refer to the found file or directory. 
  
  
 
 
·····Return Values
··If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
··If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. If no matching files can be found, the GetLastError function returns ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES. 
二、C++中的原子操作
 
········表示在多个线程访问同一个全局资源的时候，能够确保所有其他的线程都不在同一时间内访问相同的资源。也就是他确保了在同一时刻只有唯一的线程对这个资源进行访问。这有点类似互斥对象对共享资源的访问的保护，但是原子操作更加接近底层，因而效率更高。
········新标准C++11，引入了原子操作的概念，并通过这个新的头文件提供了多种原子操作数据类型，例如，atomic_bool,atomic_int等等，如果我们在多个线程中对这些类型的共享资源进行操作，编译器将保证这些操作都是原子性的，也就是说，确保任意时刻只有一个线程对这个资源进行访问，编译器将保证，多个线程访问这个共享资源的正确性。从而避免了锁的使用，提高了效率

三、*.*--所有文件
···在windows中，*代表了所有字符，而*.*的意思是windows下的所有文件名和文件格式，比如在C:\123下有几个文件，123.exe 234.jif 345.ppt 564.bat这些文件的文件名和后缀名不同，当我们不知道怎么概括C:\123下面的文件的时候，可以说成“C盘下123文件夹的*.*”
四、多线程下记数
原子操作也无法确保记数的准确性，因为线程是抢占性的，不是按照顺序进行的。
如：在线程开始时，线程总数+1；线程退出的时候，线程总数-1；线程数为0时，结束进程；
线程的抢占性，不能保证+1操作一定在-1操作之前，可能会造成线程总数为0时，还有线程没有退出，造成错误。