以下关于asio异步服务器完整代码例子:
有以下几点是需要注意的地方:
1、enable_shared_from_this:表示在类方法里把自己包装成智能指针,一个要用于延长类的生命周期防止调用回调的时候类失效
2、using pointer = boost::shared_ptr<tcp_connection> 等价于 typedef boost::shared_ptr<tcp_connection> pointer,C++11后推荐用前一种方法定义
3、以下两种return生成智能指针的写法,第一种return内存分配了两次,第二种有些地方是不能用的,如构造函数定义成了私有类型,无特殊情况推荐第二种方式
static pointer create(boost::asio::io_service &io_service) {
// std::make_shared
return pointer(new tcp_connection(io_service));
return std::make_shared<tcp_connection>(io_service);
}
3、通过async_write写入数据,handle_write回调函数,用shard_from_this防止类失效
4、在lambda函数中调用自身指针可以用move提高效率,也可以直接用值的拷贝传入值
5、handle_accept:连接成功后的回调
6、start_accept()连接新的客户端
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <functional>
#include <ctime>
using boost::asio::ip::tcp;
std::string make_daytime_string() {
using namespace std; // For time_t, time and ctime;
auto now = time(nullptr);
return ctime(&now);
}
class tcp_connection : public std::enable_shared_from_this<tcp_connection> {
public:
using pointer = std::shared_ptr<tcp_connection>;
static pointer create(boost::asio::io_service &io_service) {
// std::make_shared
return pointer(new tcp_connection(io_service));
//return std::make_shared<tcp_connection>(io_service);
}
tcp::socket &socket() { return socket_; }
void start() {
message_ = make_daytime_string();
auto self = shared_from_this();
boost::asio::async_write(
socket_, boost::asio::buffer(message_),
[self = std::move(self)](auto error, auto bytes_transferred) {
self->handle_write(error, bytes_transferred);
});
// boost::asio::async_write(
// socket_, boost::asio::buffer(message_),
// boost::bind(&tcp_connection::handle_write, shared_from_this(),
// boost::asio::placeholders::error,
// boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
}
private:
tcp_connection(boost::asio::io_service &io_service) : socket_(io_service) {}
void handle_write(const boost::system::error_code & /*error*/,
size_t /*bytes_transferred*/) {}
tcp::socket socket_;
std::string message_;
};
class tcp_server {
public:
tcp_server(boost::asio::io_service &io_service)
: acceptor_(io_service, tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), 13)) {
start_accept();
}
private:
void start_accept() {
auto new_connection =
tcp_connection::create(acceptor_.get_io_service());
acceptor_.async_accept(new_connection->socket(),
[this, new_connection](auto error) {
this->handle_accept(new_connection, error);
});
// boost::bind(&tcp_server::handle_accept, this,
// new_connection,
// boost::asio::placeholders::error));
}
void handle_accept(tcp_connection::pointer new_connection,
const boost::system::error_code &error) {
if (!error) {
new_connection->start();
}
start_accept();
}
tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
};
int main() {
try {
boost::asio::io_service io_service;
tcp_server server(io_service);
io_service.run();
} catch (std::exception &e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}