jpa入门

* jpa操作步骤
* 1.加载配置文件创建工厂(试题管理类工厂)对象
* 2.通过实体管理类工厂获取实体管理器
* 3.获取事务对象,开启事务
* 4.完成CRUD操作
* 5.提交事务,回滚
* 6.释放资源

配置文件xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">
<!--    持久化单元
    name:持久化单元名称
    transaction-type:事务管理方式
            JPA:分布式事务管理
            RESOURCE_LOCAL:本地事务管理
-->
    <persistence-unit name="myJpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<!--        jpa实现方式-->
        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<!--        数据库信息-->

        <properties>
<!--            数据库信息
                用户名,密码驱动
    -->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="123123"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///tomcat?serverTimezone=UTC"/>

            <!--        可选配置:配置jpa实现方(hibernate)的配置信息
                        1.显示sql
                        2.自动创建数据库表
                        create:程序运行时创建数据库表(如果有表先删除表再创建)
                        update:程序运行时创建表,如果有表,不会创建表
                        none:不会创建表

            -->
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.quto" value="update"/>
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

实体类:

package domain;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * 客户的实体类
 * 1.实体类和表的映射关系
 * 2.实体类中属性和表中字段的映射关系
 */
@Entity  //声明实体类
@Table(name = "student")
public class Customer {
    @Id  //主键  声明
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)  //自增
@Value("2")
            Integer id;
    @Column(name = "age")

    String age;

    String name;

    String grade;

    String sex;

    public Customer() {
    }


    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(String grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public Customer(String age, String name, String grade, String sex) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.grade = grade;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", grade='" + grade + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试类 测试方法

    @org.junit.Test
    public void TestSave(){
        //加载配置文件,创建工厂 (实体管理器工厂) 对象
        
     EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory =  Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa");
     //通过实体管理器工厂获取实体管理器
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        //获取事务对象,开启事务
        EntityTransaction tx = entityManager.getTransaction();//获取事务对象
        tx.begin();//开启事务
       // 4.完成CRUD操作
        Customer customer = new Customer("20","张喜","大三","男");
        //保存
        entityManager.persist(customer);
        //提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //释放资源
        entityManager.close();
        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }

相关依赖

    <!-- junit -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- hibernate对jpa的支持包 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
        <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- c3p0 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- log日志 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.xml.bind/jaxb-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1</version>
    </dependency>



    <!-- Mysql and MariaDB -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.16</version>
    </dependency>

文件结构