【python游戏开发入门】《PYTHON游戏编程入门》第七章总结

书籍：《PYTHON游戏编程入门》（More Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner）
本文为第七章知识点总结以及核心代码，欢迎交流

这一章的内容书上介绍的比较笼统，没有说清楚具体内容。这里要多做一些注释以及自己的理解。

自定义Sprite精灵类

# MySprite.py
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

class MySprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, target):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.target_surface = target
        self.image = None # 当前帧要显示的图片
        self.master_image = None # 存放的动画素材的图片
        self.rect = None # 当前帧对应的框框
        self.topleft = 0,0
        self.frame = 0 # 记录当前display的帧的序号，若与old_frame不一致则需要更新
        self.old_frame = -1 # 记录上一次display的帧的序号
        self.frame_width = 1 # 一帧的宽度（pixel）
        self.frame_height = 1 # 一帧的高度（pixel）
        self.first_frame = 0
        self.last_frame = 0 # 0~lastframe共lastframe+1帧
        self.columns = 1 # 素材图片里面共有多少列的帧
        self.last_time = 0 # 记录上一次刷新时候的时间节点

    # X
    def _getx(self):
        return self.rect.x

    def _setx(self, value):
        self.rect.x = value

    # Y
    def _gety(self):
        return self.rect.y

    def _sety(self, value):
        self.rect.y = value

    # position property
    def _getpos(self):
        return self.rect.topleft

    def _setpos(self, pos):
        self.rect.topleft = pos

    position = property(_getpos, _setpos)
    
	# 为精灵加载图片素材，并且根据素材设置精灵的基本参数（其实也属于初始化的一部分）
    def load(self, filename, width, height, col):
        self.master_image = pygame.image.load(filename)
        self.frame_width = width
        self.frame_height = height
        self.rect = Rect(0, 0, width, height)
        self.columns = col
        rect = self.master_image.get_rect()#图片的真实尺寸
        self.last_frame = (rect.width // width) * (rect.height // height) - 1
        #真实尺寸除以每一帧的尺寸得到的是总的帧数
        
	# 更新当前时刻的显示，current_time为现在的时间，rate是时间间隔
    def update(self, current_time, rate = 30):
        # update animation frame number
        # 如果当前时间与动画上一次发生变化的时间相隔超过时间间隔rate，则更新到下一个动画
        if current_time > self.last_time + rate:
            self.frame += 1
            # 如最后一帧播放完毕，则循环回第一帧播放
            if self.frame > self.last_frame:
                self.frame = self.first_frame
            # 每次更新动画之后需要同时更新改变动画的时间
            self.last_time = current_time
            
        #build current frame only if it changed
        if self.frame != self.old_frame:
        	# 计算当前要display的帧左上角在素材图中的坐标位置
            frame_x = (self.frame % self.columns) * self.frame_width
            frame_y = (self.frame // self.columns) * self.frame_height
            rect = (frame_x, frame_y, self.frame_width, self.frame_height)
            self.image = self.master_image.subsurface(rect)
            self.old_frame = self.frame

            
    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.frame) + "," + str(self.first_frame) + \
               "," + str(self.last_frame) + "," + str(self.frame_width) + \
               "," + str(self.frame_height) + "," + str(self.columns) 

小精灵在飞的Demo

import MySprite
import pygame
import sys
from pygame.locals import *

def printText(font, x, y, text, color = (255,255,255)):
    imgText = font.render(text, True, color)
    screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))

# initialize pygame
pygame.init()
screen_x = 600
screen_y = 500
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_x, screen_y))
pygame.display.set_caption('Sprite animation demo')
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 18)
framerate = pygame.time.Clock()

# create the dragon sprite
dragon = MySprite.MySprite(screen)
dragon.load('dragon.png', 260, 150, 3)
group = pygame.sprite.Group()
group.add(dragon)

# main loop
while True:
    #framerate.tick(30)
    ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks()
    
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
            
    key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if key[pygame.K_ESCAPE]:
        sys.exit()

    screen.fill((0,0,0))
    group.update(ticks)
    group.draw(screen)
    printText(font, 0, 0, "Spite:" + str(dragon))
    pygame.display.update()

Escape the Dragon Demo

import sys
import time
import MySprite
from MySprite import *
import random
import math
import pygame
from pygame.locals