SpringMVC

SpringMVC(入门)

一. SpringMVC 配置

1 . 首先在mvnre的仓库中找到SpringMVC的相应配置文件,传送门:链接 http://mvnrepository.com

2 . 相应配置文件拷贝到pom.xml文件<dependencies>下.

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/jstl/jstl -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.8.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-core -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.8.6</version>
    </dependency>

3 . 在Web.xml配置文件中添加关于SpringMVC的配置

      <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--初始化参数-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

4 . 在resources文件下创建名为spring-servlet.xml文件,其配置如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <!--配置springMVC的注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--配置spring的组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lanou"/>

    <!--springMVC不处理前端的静态资源(js,css,img,视频,音乐,图片)-->
    <!--<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <!--jsp文件路径的前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
        <!--jsp文件路径的后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

    </bean>
</beans>

5 . 创建contrller文件夹,下面创建MainController方法测试是否成功

@Controller
public class MainController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/index")   
    public String frontPage(){

        return "home";
    }

}

6 . 在WEB-INF文件夹下创建home.jsp文件

7.启动服务器，输入 http://localhost:8080/home

二. SpringMVC常用的注解

1. @Controller
2. @ResquestMapping
3. @Resource和@Autowired
4. @ModelAttribute和@SessionAttributes
5. @PathVariable
6. @RequestParam
7. @ResponseBody
8. @Component
9. @Repository
   另开详写

三. SpringMVC的原理

1. 用户发送请求给服务器. URI:/user 或 /index
2. 请求会发送给DispatcherServlet,
   因为在web.xml里配置了所有的请求都会给dispatcherServlet处理
3. 在dispatcherServlet内部,通过HandlerMapping检查是否有方法和URI对应
4. 如果有,就调用该方法,获得JSP文件名
5. viewResovler根据文件名获取相应的jsp文件,获取的jsp文件转化为视图对象
6. dispatcherServlet将视图对象发给服务器,由服务器最终发给用户浏览器