Qt 在Linux下实现U盘插拔

1.使用到libudev库，没有可使用命令安装：

sudo apt-get install libudev-dev

2.在.pro文件增加对libudev库的链接

LIBS += -ludev

3.头文件.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MainWindow; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;


private:
    struct udev *udevs;
    struct udev_monitor *monitor;

private:
    void uDiskDriveEvent();
    QString getUsbDiskMountPoint(const QString &usbDiskPath);
    QString getUsbDiskMountPoint2();
    QString searchFileInUsbDisk(const QString &usbDiskPath, const QString &fileName);
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

4.源文件.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

#include <libudev.h>
#include <QSocketNotifier>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QProcess>
#include <QStorageInfo>
#include <QDirIterator>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    udevs = udev_new();
    if (!udevs) //U盘初始化失败
    {
        return;
    }

    monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udevs, "udev"); //创建一个udev对象来监听设备事件
    udev_monitor_filter_add_match_subsystem_devtype(monitor, "block", NULL); //指定设备子系统
    udev_monitor_enable_receiving(monitor); //将监视器添加到事件循环中
    int fd = udev_monitor_get_fd(monitor);

    QSocketNotifier *notifier = new QSocketNotifier(fd, QSocketNotifier::Read, this);
    connect(notifier, &QSocketNotifier::activated, this, &MainWindow::uDiskDriveEvent);

}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
    // 释放udev和udev_monitor结构体指针
    udev_monitor_unref(monitor);
    udev_unref(udevs);
}
//u盘插入处理函数
void MainWindow::uDiskDriveEvent()
{
    struct udev_device *dev = udev_monitor_receive_device(monitor);
    if (dev)
    {
        const char *action = udev_device_get_action(dev);
        if (action && (0 == strcmp(action, "add"))) //插入u盘
        {
            qDebug() << "插入u盘";

            const char *devpath = udev_device_get_devpath(dev);
            const char *devname = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
            qDebug() << "u盘路径:" << devpath << "节点名称:" << devname;
            QString mountPoint = getUsbDiskMountPoint(devname);

            // 在u盘中寻找target.txt
            QString targetFile = searchFileInUsbDisk(mountPoint, "target.txt");
            if (!targetFile.isEmpty()) {
                 qDebug() << "目标文件路径: " << targetFile;
                           // 此处可以写对target.txt的处理
             } else {
                 qDebug() << "未找到文件";
             }

        }
        else if(action && (0 == strcmp(action, "remove"))) //拔出u盘
        {
            qDebug() << "拔出u盘";
        }

        udev_device_unref(dev); //释放udev_device对象的引用
    }
}

//获取挂载路径函数
QString MainWindow::getUsbDiskMountPoint(const QString &usbDiskPath)
{
    // 相当于在命令行输入mount命令获取u盘挂载路径
    QProcess process;
    process.start("mount");
    process.waitForFinished(-1);

    QByteArray output = process.readAllStandardOutput();
    QString mountOutput = QString::fromUtf8(output);

    // 读取mount on 后的字段，也就是挂载路径的文本
    QString searchString = usbDiskPath + " on ";  //相当于找这段文本/dev/sda1 on /mnt/sda1
    int index = mountOutput.indexOf(searchString);
    if (index != -1) {
        // 如果找到把on后面的文本/mnt/sda1提取出来
        QString mountPath = mountOutput.mid(index + searchString.length());
        mountPath = mountPath.left(mountPath.indexOf(' '));
        qDebug() << "挂载路径:" << mountPath;
        return mountPath;
    } else {
        qDebug() << "未找到路径";
        return QString();
    }
}

//获取挂载路径函数 
QString MainWindow::getUsbDiskMountPoint2()
{
    QString mountPath;
    foreach (const QStorageInfo &storage, QStorageInfo::mountedVolumes())
    {
        if (storage.isValid() && storage.isReady())
        {

            if (storage.rootPath().contains("sd")) {
                mountPath = storage.rootPath();
                qDebug() << "挂载路径:" << mountPath;
                return mountPath;
            }
            else {
                qDebug() << "未找到路径";
                return QString();
            }

        } else {
            qDebug() << "未找到路径";
            return QString();
        }
    }

}

//查找特定文件函数
QString MainWindow::searchFileInUsbDisk(const QString &usbDiskPath, const QString &fileName)
{
    //使用QT遍历器，遍历读取u盘中的所有文件
    QDirIterator it(usbDiskPath, QDir::Files | QDir::NoSymLinks, QDirIterator::Subdirectories);
    while (it.hasNext()) {
        QString filePath = it.next();
        QFileInfo fileInfo(filePath);
        if (fileInfo.fileName() == fileName) {
            return fileInfo.filePath(); //找到返回文件路径
        }
    }

    return QString(); // 文件未找到
}