for path in os.listdir():
for son_path in os.listdir('./'+path):
for grad_path in os.listdir('./'+path+'/'+son_path):
if len(grad_path) >20:
new_part = grad_path[-20:]
os.rename(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),path,son_path,grad_path),os.path.join(os.getcwd(),path,son_path,new_part))
适用于知道目录哪一层需要缩短文件名;