12. Integer to Roman
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
,V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000
For example, 2
is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. 12
is written as XII
, which is simply X + II
. The number 27
is written as XXVII
, which is XX + V + II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV (5)
andX (10)
to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL (50)
andC (100)
to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD (500)
andM (1000)
to make 400 and 900.- Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.
Example 1:
Input: num = 3 Output: "III"
Example 2:
Input: num = 4 Output: "IV"
Example 3:
Input: num = 9 Output: "IX"
Example 4:
Input: num = 58 Output: "LVIII" Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: num = 1994 Output: "MCMXCIV" Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Constraints:
1 <= num <= 3999
class Solution {
public String intToRoman(int num) {
int[] values = {1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1};
String[] symbols = {"M", "CM", "D", "CD", "C", "XC", "L", "XL", "X", "IX", "V", "IV", "I"};
StringBuffer roman = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
while (num>=values[i]){
num=num-values[i];
roman.append(symbols[i]);
}
if (num==0){
break;
}
}
return roman.toString();
}
}