MySQL使用key作字段报错

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前言

如下所示这张表使用 key 作为字段，在查询时报错：com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near...，经过排查发现不能使用 mysql 的关键字和保留字作为字段。

CREATE TABLE `consul_config`(
    `id`          bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `key`         varchar(200)  NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'key',
    `value`       varchar(5000) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'value',
    `status`      smallint(4) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0-正常、1-删除',
    `operator`    varchar(100)  NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '创建人',
    `create_time` timestamp     NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE KEY `index_key` (`key`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT 'consul配置表';

解决方法：

1. 修改该字段为其它名字，MySQL的关键字/保留字见下述，博主这次遇到的key就是一个保留字，强烈建议不要使用MySQL的关键字/保留字作为数据库的库名/表名/字段名。
2. 如果一定要使用关键字/保留字，则不论是建库/建表/插入/查询时, 都在该字段前后加上撇号：（键盘Esc键下面那个键，切换到英文输入），示例：

select `key` from user;

附录

1. 关键字

SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, SHOW, DESCRIBE, USE, FROM, WHERE, JOIN, ON, GROUP BY, ORDER BY…

2. 保留字

ACCESSIBLE, ADD, ALL, ANALYZE, AND, AS, ASC, ASENSITIVE, BEFORE, BETWEEN, BIGINT, BINARY, BLOB, BOTH, BY, CALL, CASCADE, CASE, CHANGE, CHAR, CHARACTER, CHECK, COLLATE, COLUMN, CONDITION, CONNECTION, CONSTRAINT, CONTINUE, CONVERT, COUNT, CREATE, CROSS, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_USER, CURSOR, DATABASE, DATABASES, DAY_HOUR, DAY_MICROSECOND, DAY_MINUTE, DAY_SECOND, DEC, DECIMAL, DECLARE, DEFAULT, DELAYED, DELETE, DESC, DESCRIBE, DETERMINISTIC, DISTINCT, DISTINCTROW, DIV, DOUBLE, DROP, DUAL, EACH, ELSE, ELSEIF, ENCLOSED, ESCAPED, EXISTS, EXIT, EXPLAIN, FALSE, FETCH, FLOAT, FLOAT4, FLOAT8, FOR, FORCE, FOREIGN, FROM, FULLTEXT, GENERATED, GET, GRANT, GROUP, HAVING, HIGH_PRIORITY, HOUR_MICROSECOND, HOUR_MINUTE, HOUR_SECOND, IF, IGNORE, IN, INDEX, INFILE, INNER, INOUT, INSENSITIVE, INSERT, INT, INT1, INT2, INT3, INT4, INT8, INTEGER, INTERVAL, INTO, IO_AFTER_GTIDS, IO_BEFORE_GTIDS, IS, ITERATE, JOIN, KEY, KEYS, KILL, LANGUAGE, LEADING, LEAVE, LEFT, LIKE, LIMIT, LINEAR, LINES, LOAD, LOCALTIME, LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCK, LONG, LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT, LOOP, LOW_PRIORITY, MASTER_BIND, MATCH, MAXVALUE, MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMINT, MEDIUMTEXT, MIDDLEINT, MINUTE_MICROSECOND, MINUTE_SECOND, MOD, MODIFIES, NATURAL, NOT, NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG, NULL, NUMERIC, ON, OPTIMIZE, OPTION, OPTIONALLY, OR, ORDER, OUT, OUTER, OUTFILE, PARTITION, PRECISION, PRIMARY, PROCEDURE, PURGE, RANGE, READ, READS, REAL, REFERENCES, REGEXP, RELEASE, RENAME, REPEAT, REPLACE, REQUIRE, RESTRICT, RETURN, REVOKE, RIGHT, RLIKE, ROW, ROWS, SCHEMA, SCHEMAS, SECOND_MICROSECOND, SELECT, SENSITIVE, SEPARATOR, SET, SHOW, SIGNAL, SMALLINT, SPATIAL, SPECIFIC, SQL, SQLEXCEPTION, SQLSTATE, SQLWARNING, SQL_BIG_RESULT, SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS, SQL_SMALL_RESULT, SSL, STARTING, STORED, STRAIGHT_JOIN, TABLE, TERMINATED, THEN, TINYBLOB, TINYINT, TINYTEXT, TO, TRAILING, TRIGGER, TRUE, UNDO, UNION, UNIQUE, UNLOCK, UNSIGNED, UPDATE, USAGE, USE, USING, UTC_DATE, UTC_TIME, UTC_TIMESTAMP, VALUES, VARBINARY, VARCHAR, VARCHARACTER, VARYING, WHEN, WHERE, WHILE, WITH, WRITE, XOR, YEAR_MONTH, ZEROFILL…