Java实现Builder模式创建实体类

一、前言

使用builder模式创建实体类比传统的构造器更为简洁，话不多说上代码体会。

二、代码

/**
 * 当一个类的属性超过四个，且某些属性可选
 * 就适合使用builder模式
 */
@ToString
public class Student {
    private String name; // 必选
    private int age; // 必选
    private String gender; // 必选
    private String mobile; // 可选
    private String email; // 可选
    private String address; // 可选

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(Builder builder) {
        this.name = builder.name;
        this.age = builder.age;
        this.gender = builder.gender;
        this.mobile = builder.mobile;
        this.email = builder.email;
        this.address = builder.address;
    }


    // 提供静态方法创建 Builder
    public static Builder builder() {
        return new Builder();
    }

	// 注意这里不能是 private，否则外部无法调用
    static class Builder {
        private String name; // 必选
        private int age; // 必选
        private String gender; // 必选
        private String mobile; // 可选
        private String email; // 可选
        private String address; // 可选

        public Builder name(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder age(int age) {
            this.age = age;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder gender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder mobile(String mobile) {
            this.mobile = mobile;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder email(String email) {
            this.email = email;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder address(String address) {
            this.address = address;
            return this;
        }

        public Student build() {
            return new Student(this);
        }
    }

	// 测试
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	// Student(name=lisi, age=12, gender=null, mobile=null, email=null, address=北京南)
        Student.Builder lisi = Student.builder().name("lisi").age(12).address("北京南");
        System.out.println(lisi.build());

		// Student(name=lisi, age=12, gender=null, mobile=17383449946, email=null, address=北京南)
        lisi.mobile("17383449946");
        System.out.println(lisi.build());

		// Student(name=zhangsan, age=23, gender=null, mobile=null, email=287885228@qq.com, address=null)
        Student zhangsan = Student.builder().name("zhangsan").age(23).email("287885228@qq.com").build();
        System.out.println(zhangsan);
    }
}