openGauss每日一练第7天 | openGauss中一个数据库中可以创建多个模式

一、学习目标

学习openGauss数据库、用户和模式的关系和访问方式，理解模式是在数据库层面，用户是在实例层面

二、课程学习

一个用户连接到数据库后，可以在这个数据库中创建多个模式。要访问这些模式，可以使用DatabaseName.SchemaName.TableName或者SchemaName.TableName，来访问某个模式下的一个表。
默认情况下访问public模式下的表，可以不用添加模式名前缀。

三、课程作业

1. 查看当前数据库下有哪些模式

测试环境准备：

root@modb:~# su - omm
--进入数据库omm，创建表空间、测试数据库
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb;
NOTICE:  database "musicdb" does not exist, skipping
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb1;
NOTICE:  database "musicdb1" does not exist, skipping
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb2;
NOTICE:  database "musicdb2" does not exist, skipping
omm=# DROP DATABASE
drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb3;
NOTICE:  database "musicdb3" does not exist, skipping
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop tablespace IF EXISTS music_tbs;
NOTICE:  Tablespace "music_tbs" does not exist, skipping.
DROP TABLESPACE
omm=# 
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE music_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_ts1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE musicdb  WITH TABLESPACE = music_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
--执行下面的SQL语句，创建用户user1：
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
--授予user1数据库系统的SYSADMIN权限：
omm=# ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
--使用用户user1连接到数据库musicdb，首先查看当前数据库下有哪些模式；
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d musicdb  -U user1 -p 5432 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

musicdb=> \dn
     List of schemas
      Name       | Owner 
-----------------+-------
 blockchain      | omm
 cstore          | omm
 db4ai           | omm
 dbe_perf        | omm
 dbe_pldebugger  | omm
 dbe_pldeveloper | omm
 pkg_service     | omm
 public          | omm
 snapshot        | omm
 sqladvisor      | omm
(10 rows)

musicdb=> 

2. 然后为数据库musicdb创建4个模式，名称自定义

--使用用户user1连接到数据库musicdb，创建4个模式:
create schema  schm1  AUTHORIZATION user1;
create schema  schm2  AUTHORIZATION user1;
create schema  schm3  AUTHORIZATION user1;
create schema  schm4  AUTHORIZATION user1;
–查看musicdb数据库下有哪些模式：
\dn
–除了可以用gsql的元命令\dn来查看数据库有哪些模式，还可以执行下面的SQL语句，查看某个数据库下有哪些模式:
SELECT catalog_name, schema_name, schema_owner
FROM information_schema.schemata;

musicdb=> create schema  schm1  AUTHORIZATION user1;
CREATE SCHEMA
musicdb=> create schema  schm2  AUTHORIZATION user1;
CREATE SCHEMA
musicdb=> create schema  schm3  AUTHORIZATION user1;
CREATE SCHEMA
musicdb=> create schema  schm4  AUTHORIZATION user1;
CREATE SCHEMA
musicdb=> 
musicdb=> \dn
     List of schemas
      Name       | Owner 
-----------------+-------
 blockchain      | omm
 cstore          | omm
 db4ai           | omm
 dbe_perf        | omm
 dbe_pldebugger  | omm
 dbe_pldeveloper | omm
 pkg_service     | omm
 public          | omm
 schm1           | user1
 schm2           | user1
 schm3           | user1
 schm4           | user1
 snapshot        | omm
 sqladvisor      | omm
(14 rows)

musicdb=> SELECT catalog_name, schema_name, schema_owner
musicdb-> FROM information_schema.schemata;
 catalog_name |    schema_name     | schema_owner 
--------------+--------------------+--------------
 musicdb      | pg_toast           | omm
 musicdb      | cstore             | omm
 musicdb      | pkg_service        | omm
 musicdb      | dbe_perf           | omm
 musicdb      | snapshot           | omm
 musicdb      | blockchain         | omm
 musicdb      | pg_catalog         | omm
 musicdb      | public             | omm
 musicdb      | sqladvisor         | omm
 musicdb      | dbe_pldebugger     | omm
 musicdb      | dbe_pldeveloper    | omm
 musicdb      | information_schema | omm
 musicdb      | db4ai              | omm
 musicdb      | schm1              | user1
 musicdb      | schm2              | user1
 musicdb      | schm3              | user1
 musicdb      | schm4              | user1
(17 rows)

musicdb=> 

3. 在数据库musicdb的不同的模式下创建同名的表

--在不同模式下，创建相同的表                   
create table schm1.ttt(col varchar(100));
create table schm2.ttt(col varchar(100));
create table schm3.ttt(col varchar(100));
create table schm4.ttt(col varchar(100));

--执行下面的SQL语句，往4个模式中的表ttt分别插入一条数据：
--在同一个数据库下，可以直接使用SchemaName.TableName来指定一个表，可以省略数据库名。
insert into schm1.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm1   11111');
insert into schm2.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm2   22222');
insert into schm3.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm3   33333');
insert into schm4.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm4   44444');

--执行下面的SQL语句，查看musicdb数据库目前有哪些表
--创建视图：

 create or replace view my_tables as
 select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
from information_schema.tables
where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');

--查看视图：
 select * from my_tables;

musicdb=> create table schm1.ttt(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
musicdb=> create table schm2.ttt(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
musicdb=> create table schm3.ttt(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
musicdb=> create table schm4.ttt(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
musicdb=> insert into schm1.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm1   11111');
INSERT 0 1
musicdb=> insert into schm2.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm2   22222');
INSERT 0 1
musicdb=> insert into schm3.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm3   33333');
INSERT 0 1
musicdb=> insert into schm4.ttt values('Hello! from schema schm4   44444');
INSERT 0 1
musicdb=> 
musicdb=>  create or replace view my_tables as
musicdb->  select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
musicdb-> from information_schema.tables
musicdb-> where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');
CREATE VIEW
musicdb=>  select * from my_tables;
 table_catalog |  table_schema   | table_name | table_type 
---------------+-----------------+------------+------------
 musicdb       | db4ai           | snapshot   | BASE TABLE
 musicdb       | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_errors  | BASE TABLE
 musicdb       | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_source  | BASE TABLE
 musicdb       | public          | my_tables  | VIEW
 musicdb       | schm4           | ttt        | BASE TABLE
 musicdb       | schm3           | ttt        | BASE TABLE
 musicdb       | schm2           | ttt        | BASE TABLE
 musicdb       | schm1           | ttt        | BASE TABLE
(8 rows)

musicdb=> 

4. 访问musicdb数据库下不同模式的同名表

--查看默认的搜索模式的顺序
show search_path;
--访问musicdb数据库下其他模式的表，需要指定模式名前缀：
select * from schm1.ttt;                    
select * from schm2.ttt;               
select * from schm3.ttt;         
select * from schm4.ttt;

musicdb=> show search_path;
  search_path   
----------------
 "$user",public
(1 row)

musicdb=> select * from schm1.ttt;                    
               col                
----------------------------------
 Hello! from schema schm1   11111
(1 row)

musicdb=> select * from schm2.ttt;               
               col                
----------------------------------
 Hello! from schema schm2   22222
(1 row)

musicdb=> select * from schm3.ttt;         
               col                
----------------------------------
 Hello! from schema schm3   33333
(1 row)

musicdb=> select * from schm4.ttt;
               col                
----------------------------------
 Hello! from schema schm4   44444
(1 row)

musicdb=> 

5. 实验理解：模式是在数据库层面，用户是在实例层面

在每次创建新用户时，系统会在当前登录的数据库中为新用户创建一个同名Schema。对于其他数据库，若需要同名Schema，则需要用户手动创建。

--登录musicdb数据库，查看用户和模式
gsql -d musicdb  -U user1 -p 5432 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
\du
\dn
\q
--登录omm数据库，查看用户和模式
gsql -r
\du
\dn
\q

omm@modb:~$ gsql -d musicdb  -U user1 -p 5432 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

musicdb=> \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user1     | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}

musicdb=> \dn
     List of schemas
      Name       | Owner 
-----------------+-------
 blockchain      | omm
 cstore          | omm
 db4ai           | omm
 dbe_perf        | omm
 dbe_pldebugger  | omm
 dbe_pldeveloper | omm
 pkg_service     | omm
 public          | omm
 schm1           | user1
 schm2           | user1
 schm3           | user1
 schm4           | user1
 snapshot        | omm
 sqladvisor      | omm
(14 rows)

musicdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user1     | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}

omm=# \dn
     List of schemas
      Name       | Owner 
-----------------+-------
 blockchain      | omm
 cstore          | omm
 db4ai           | omm
 dbe_perf        | omm
 dbe_pldebugger  | omm
 dbe_pldeveloper | omm
 pkg_service     | omm
 public          | omm
 snapshot        | omm
 sqladvisor      | omm
 user1           | user1
(11 rows)

omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$