【编程实践】JUC线程池: ThreadPoolExecutor使用和监控

佩洛君

已于 2024-01-10 23:51:06 修改

阅读量566

点赞数 10

分类专栏：软硬件编程实战经验文章标签： java

于 2024-01-10 23:49:47 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40248814/article/details/135416273

版权

软硬件编程实战经验专栏收录该内容

10 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

本文介绍了Java中线程池（ThreadPoolExecutor）的作用，如资源优化、响应速度提升和线程管理，通过实例展示了如何创建和配置线程池，以及RejectedExecutionHandler的使用。作者还给出了监控线程池状态的方法。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

为什么要有线程池

线程池能够对线程进行统一分配，调优和监控:

降低资源消耗(线程无限制地创建，然后使用完毕后销毁)
提高响应速度(无须创建线程)
提高线程的可管理性

ThreadPoolExecutor例子

Java是如何实现和管理线程池的?
从JDK 5开始，把工作单元与执行机制分离开来，工作单元包括Runnable和Callable，而执行机制由Executor框架提供。
定义一个

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;


class Main {

  public static class WorkerThread implements Runnable {
     
    private String command;
     
    public WorkerThread(String s){
        this.command=s;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 开始. 命令 = " + command);
        processCommand();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 结束：");
    }
 
    private void processCommand() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString(){
        return this.command;
    }
  }
   
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Runnable worker = new WorkerThread("" + i);
            executor.execute(worker);
          }
        executor.shutdown(); 
        while (!executor.isTerminated()) { //等待线程完成
        }
        System.out.println("所有线程执行完成");
    }
}

大家可以直接执行：

程序中我们创建了固定大小为五个工作线程的线程池。
然后分配给线程池十个工作，因为线程池大小为5，它将启动5个工作线程先处理五个工作，
其他的工作则处于等待状态，一旦有工作完成，空闲下来工作线程就会捡取等待队列里的其他工作进行执行。

pool-1-thread-2 Start. Command = 1
pool-1-thread-4 Start. Command = 3
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Command = 0
pool-1-thread-3 Start. Command = 2
pool-1-thread-5 Start. Command = 4
pool-1-thread-4 End.
pool-1-thread-5 End.
pool-1-thread-1 End.
pool-1-thread-3 End.
pool-1-thread-3 Start. Command = 8
pool-1-thread-2 End.
pool-1-thread-2 Start. Command = 9
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Command = 7
pool-1-thread-5 Start. Command = 6
pool-1-thread-4 Start. Command = 5
pool-1-thread-2 End.
pool-1-thread-4 End.
pool-1-thread-3 End.
pool-1-thread-5 End.
pool-1-thread-1 End.
Finished all threads

这里是以上程序的输出。

输出表明线程池中至始至终只有五个名为 “pool-1-thread-1” 到 “pool-1-thread-5” 的五个线程，这五个线程不随着工作的完成而消亡，会一直存在，并负责执行分配给线程池的任务，直到线程池消亡。

Executors 类提供了使用了 ThreadPoolExecutor 的简单的 ExecutorService 实现，但是 ThreadPoolExecutor 提供的功能远不止于此。我们可以在创建 ThreadPoolExecutor 实例时指定活动线程的数量，我们也可以限制线程池的大小并且创建我们自己的 RejectedExecutionHandler 实现来处理不能适应工作队列的工作。

RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl.java

import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 
public class RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
 
    @Override
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
        System.out.println(r.toString() + " is rejected");
    }
 
}

ThreadPoolExecutor 提供了一些方法，我们可以使用这些方法来查询 executor 的当前状态，线程池大小，活动线程数量以及任务数量。因此我是用来一个监控线程在特定的时间间隔内打印 executor 信息。

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 
public class MyMonitorThread implements Runnable
{
    private ThreadPoolExecutor executor;
     
    private int seconds;
     
    private boolean run=true;
 
    public MyMonitorThread(ThreadPoolExecutor executor, int delay)
    {
        this.executor = executor;
        this.seconds=delay;
    }
     
    public void shutdown(){
        this.run=false;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run()
    {
        while(run){
                System.out.println(
                    String.format("[monitor] [%d/%d] Active: %d, Completed: %d, Task: %d, isShutdown: %s, isTerminated: %s",
                        this.executor.getPoolSize(),
                        this.executor.getCorePoolSize(),
                        this.executor.getActiveCount(),
                        this.executor.getCompletedTaskCount(),
                        this.executor.getTaskCount(),
                        this.executor.isShutdown(),
                        this.executor.isTerminated()));
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(seconds*1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
        }
             
    }
}

注意在初始化 ThreadPoolExecutor 时，我们保持初始池大小为 2，最大池大小为 4 而工作队列大小为 2。因此如果已经有四个正在执行的任务而此时分配来更多任务的话，工作队列将仅仅保留他们(新任务)中的两个，其他的将会被 RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl 处理。上面程序的输出可以证实以上观点。

pool-1-thread-1 Start. Command = cmd0
pool-1-thread-4 Start. Command = cmd5
cmd6 is rejected
pool-1-thread-3 Start. Command = cmd4
pool-1-thread-2 Start. Command = cmd1
cmd7 is rejected
cmd8 is rejected
cmd9 is rejected
[monitor] [0/2] Active: 4, Completed: 0, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [4/2] Active: 4, Completed: 0, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
pool-1-thread-4 End.
pool-1-thread-1 End.
pool-1-thread-2 End.
pool-1-thread-3 End.
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Command = cmd3
pool-1-thread-4 Start. Command = cmd2
[monitor] [4/2] Active: 2, Completed: 4, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [4/2] Active: 2, Completed: 4, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
pool-1-thread-1 End.
pool-1-thread-4 End.
[monitor] [4/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [2/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [2/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [2/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [2/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [2/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: false, isTerminated: false
[monitor] [0/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: true, isTerminated: true
[monitor] [0/2] Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown: true, isTerminated: true