scrapy爬取网站古诗并保存

前言: 学了scrapy想练习一下成果，于是有了下面的爬取网站的所有古诗的代码

目录结构：

创建项目：

scrapy startproject mySpider

main.py

from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl dmoz".split())

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class GushiItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    name = scrapy.Field()       # 古诗名

    author = scrapy.Field()     # 古诗作者

    content = scrapy.Field()    # 古诗内容

pipelines.py(配置下载的位置，格式)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


class GushiPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        # 数据清洗
        item['name'] = "".join(item['name'])
        item['author'] = "".join(item['author'])
        item['content'] = "".join(item['content'])
        item['content'] = item['content'].replace('\n','')

        with open('poem.txt', 'a', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
            f.write(item['name'] + '\n')
            f.write('  ' + item['author'] + '\n')
            f.write(item['content'] + '\n')
            f.write('\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n')
        return item

setting.py(关闭了遵守robots.txt协议，并且打开了pipelines)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for Gushi project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'Gushi'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['Gushi.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'Gushi.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'Gushi (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Gushi.middlewares.GushiSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Gushi.middlewares.GushiDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

# 开启pipelines
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'Gushi.pipelines.GushiPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

Poem_spider.py(下载内容的代码)

from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from Gushi.items import GushiItem
import scrapy

class poem(Spider):
    name = 'dmoz'
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36'}

    def start_requests(self):
        url = 'https://www.gushiwen.org/'
        yield scrapy.Request(url, headers=self.headers)

    def parse(self, response):
        item = GushiItem()
        poems = response.xpath('//div[@class="left"]/div[@class="sons"]')

        for poem in poems:
            item['name'] = poem.xpath('.//p/a/b/text()').extract()
            item['author'] = poem.xpath('.//p[@class="source"]/a[@target="_blank"]/text()').extract()
            item['content'] = poem.xpath('.//div/div[@class="contson"]//text() | .//div/div[@class="contson"]/p//text()').extract()

            # 对内容进行打印
            # print(item['name'])
            # print(item['author'])
            # print(item['content'])

            yield item


        # 翻页操作
        next_urls = response.xpath('//form[@id="FromPage"]/div/a/@href').extract()
        if len(next_urls[0])>15:    # 判断的获取到的href长度，用来翻页操作
            yield scrapy.Request(next_urls[0], headers=self.headers)
        else:
            next_url = 'https://www.gushiwen.org' + next_urls[0]
            yield scrapy.Request(next_url, headers=self.headers)

成果展示 :